474 ANGIOSPERMS 
or of a number of stamens borne in the axil of a small scale or 
bract. 
The Weeping Willow, so named because of its drooping 
branches, is cultivated for its beauty. The growing of Basket 
Willows for sprouts, which are woven into baskets, chairs, and 
other articles, is an industry 
of considerable importance. 
Willows are easily propagated, 
taking root readily when 
transplanted or from cuttings. 
They grow especially well near 
water and are often planted 
along river banks where they 
prevent the cutting away of 
the banks by floods. A num- 
ber of the Poplars, such as 
the Aspens, Balm of Gilead, 
and Cottonwood, are culti- 
vated for shade. The Cot- 
tonwood grows to be a very 
large tree and is of some 
value for lumber. Both Wil- 
lows and Poplars are used in 
making medicinal charcoal, 
Fic. 416.—The flowers and fruit 
of the Black Walnut. At the left, a 
branch bearing a catkin of staminate 
flowers below and two pistillate flowers 
above (X%). At the right, above, a 
pistillate flower, showing the pistil 
enclosed in bracts which form the husk 
of the fruit; next, below, a staminate 
flower, showing the bracts and the 
stamens; at the bottom, a fruit (x4). 
After Burns and Otis. 
and a number of substances, 
such as salicin, populin, 
tannin, and a volatile oil are 
obtained from their bark. 
Walnut Family (Juglan- 
daceae).— This family com- 
prises the Walnuts and Hick- 
ories. The Walnuts and 
Hickories are monoecious, and their flowers are generally apetal- 
ous, although in some cases the pistillate flowers have petals 
The staminate flowers are borne in catkins, while the pistillate 
flowers are borne singly or in small clusters (Fg. 416). 
The White Walnut (Juglans cinerea), called Butternut, and the 
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) are the most common Walnuts in 
the United States. The European Walnut (Juglans regia), not- 
able for its delicately flavored nuts, is grown in California and 
