582 
Resin ducts, 133. 
Respiration, 96-98, 121-123; anaéro- 
bic, 122; as observed in leaves, 
269. 
Resting buds, 204. 
Resting cell, 299. 
Resting period of seeds, 67-69. 
Results of pollination, 50, 51*. 
Reticulated vessel, 190*. 
Rhizoids, 135; of Liverworts, 408, 
407*, 408*; of Moss, 418*. 
Rhizome, 179, 180*; of Ferns, 427, 
427*. 
Rhizopus nigricans, 360-363. 
Rhodophyceae, 324-329. 
Riccia, 414, 414*. 
Rind, of Corn stem, 187, 187*; of 
Potato, 128, 128*. 
Ringing, 211. 
Rivularia, 300, 300* 
Robert Hooke, 113. 
Rockweeds, 322-323. 
Root cap, 63, 148, 63*, 144*. 
Root hairs, 131, 145, 131*, 146*, 
153*. 
Root Rot, 388. 
Roots, primary, secondary, permanent 
and temporary, 102, 103, 101*, 
102*, 103*, 104; described, 135- 
152; absorption, 158-161; adven- 
titious, 140; depth and spread, 
141; direction of growth, 150-152; 
excretions, 161; fascicled, 140, 
140*; fibrous, 138, 138*; in prop- 
agation, 163-165; in relation to 
the soil, 152-158; main, 136; of 
Ferns, 427, 428, 427*; pressure, 
161; prop or brace, 139; relation 
to shoot, 136; tap-root, 139, 139*; 
texture, 136; types of root sys- 
tems, 138-141; water, air, and 
parasitic, 162. 
Rootstock, 179, 180*; of Ferns, 427, 
427*. 
Rosaceae, 483. 
Rose, family, 483; flowers, 483, 484*. 
Rosette, 241, 241*. 
Rubiaceae, 492. 
INDEX 
Rumex acetosella, 479*. 
Rumex, collenchyma cells in, 128. 
Runners, 175, 175*. 
Russian Thistle, 480, 480*. 
Rusts, 396-403; Apple, 401; of 
Asparagus, 403; Black, 396; of 
Pines, 402. 
Saccharomyces, 377, 377*. 
Saccharose or sucrose, 277. 
Sac Fungi, 352; described, 363-379. 
Sago Palm, 446. 
Saponaria Vaccaria, 74. 
Saponins, 283. 
Saprolegnia, 353, 353*. 
Saprolegniales, 353; described, 353- 
355. 
Saprophytes, 337. 
Sap wood, 202. 
Sargasso Sea, 323. 
Sargassum, 323, 323*. 
Scenedesmus, 308, 308*. 
Sclerenchyma fibers, 194. 
Sclerotinia fructigena, 368, 368*. 
Sclerotium, 371, 371*. 
Scouring Rushes, 435. 
Scutellum, 63. 
Sea Lettuce, 310, 310*. 
Sea Palm, 319. 
Seaweeds, 296. 
Secondary growth, 214. 
Secondary leaves, 234. 
Secondary root, 102; origin, 
150*. 
Secretions of plants, 281. 
Secretory tissue, 133, 133*. 
Seed coat, 55; function, 56. 
Seed plants, 3; described, 445-470. 
Seedlings, 101; Common Bean type, 
107, 106*; comparative size, 110; 
Grass type, 102, 101*, 102*, 103*, 
104*; Onion type, 106, 105*; Pea 
type, 109, 110*; types, 102-110. 
Seeds, dissemination, 82-88; germi- 
nation, 89-98; nature, 55; of 
Cycads, 450; of Pines, 457; purity 
and analysis, 74-77; structure, 
56, 57, 56*, 57*; testing germi- 
150, 
