"^SEe J^lXiGS T^AY 21 



A post six inches back of the stall frame does not interfere with making 

 the curb; or just back of the partition does not interfere with the installation 

 of the equipment. 



Dairymen and farmers are finding the James Steel Columns (filled with 

 red granite, torpedo washed sand and Portland cement) far better supports 

 for the barn than wood. 



They occupy one-third the space, are fireproof, interfere less with light and 

 with the circulation of air, are neater, more up to date in appearance and 

 are more durable, costing less in the long run than wood. TThere is absolutely 

 no objection to columns in the stable, providing they are properly located. 

 Columns are less expensive than the trussing required if they are dispensed 

 with^at the same time they leave the haymow clear of obstructions. 



The 4'/2-inch James Column for example, has a safe carrying capacity 

 equivalent to an oak or yellow pine post 6 in. x 8 in. ; or a white pine post 

 8 inches square. 



A 4'/2-inch James Column has a cross section area of 15.9 sq. in. as com- 

 pared with 48 sq. in. cross section of the oak or yellow pine post, or 64 sq. in. 

 of the white pine post referred to in the above paragraph. 



Thus it will be seen that the James Column of equal strength takes prac- 

 tically only one-fourth to one-third the space occupied by the wood posts. 



Stable Floors 



A good stable floor should be impervious to water that it may be sanitary; 

 it must be easy to clean; comfortable for the cow; and durable in service. It 

 should not rot nor wear out, nor be expensive to construct. 



The old-style wood floor had the merit of being warm and easy on the 

 feet of the cattle. It is long since out of date, however, because it soon gets 

 foul, rots out quickly, and becomes unsanitary; is high in first cost; and its life 

 is short — three to five years being the usual life of a wooden floor. 



TTie two materials now widely used for stable floors which can be rec- 

 ommended are concrete and cork brick. 



Concrete floors have proven very satisfactory in most ways, meeting every 

 requirement for the dairy barn floor, with one exception — it has been found 

 injurious to cows to stand or lie on its cold, hard surface. 



The problem is solved by using concrete for the entire floor, covering the 

 stall floor with cork brick, the cracks being filled with cement. The surface is 

 easily kept clean, is impervious to moisture, warm and easy on the feet of the 

 cattle. 



