^<5Ee jAr?a€:s wAV 109 



Wood Linings Are Necessary 



The wood linings of the James Steel Stanchions add to the cow's comfort, 

 and, of course, thus tend to increase the milk yield. 



The iron or steel, while perhaps actually no colder than wood, feels colder 

 to the touch. 



The reason is that steel is a good conductor of heat — it absorbs heat much 

 more readily than wood and gives off heat more rapidly. 



Hence when steel comes in contact with the cow's neck, it feels cold and 

 actually does tend to chill the cow because it is continually absorbmg heat 

 from her — heat which you furnish feed to supply. 



Wood, on the other hand, takes up heat very slowly, being a non-con- 

 ductor, and hence does not chill the cow. 



A little experiment that will illustrate this fact may be made by simply 

 taking hold of a steel pipe in the barn with one hand and placing the other 

 hand on wood. 



Note how long the steel will continue to absorb heat, chilling the hand, 

 and how quickly the wood warms to the hand, ceasing almost at once to 

 absorb heat. 



Wood linings never become charged with frost — they are absolutely neces- 

 sary in a metal stanchion if the comfort of the cow is to be considered. 



The wood linings of the James Stanchions are made of birch, thoroughly 

 seasoned for two years, carefully milled, shaped and polished; then dipped 

 in oil and kept in the factory six months before used. 



Linings are carefully fitted to the steel tees and securely attached. 



The James Double-Chain Hanger 



(PATENTED) 



The James Double Chain Hanger enables the dairyman to save money 

 when putting in the concrete floor and rounded curb — saves feed all the time 

 — and lessens labor in taking care of the cows. 



When building the curb, a great deal of labor and material is saved if the 

 curb can be built level all the way through the barn. It takes time and wastes 

 material to cut away the curb in each stall; for the wood concrete form must 

 be cut to the shape of the opening desired, and this spoils the lumber for other 

 purposes. 



Besides, the cutaway curb disfigures the stall and opens wide a door for 

 great waste of feed. 



Before the invention of the James Double Chain Hanger, it was not pos- 

 sible to build the curb level, high enough to prevent the waste of feed without 



