is quite persistent; skin thin and tough in b; pulp in a usually tough, dry, very acid, and 

 astringent; in b more juicy, tender, sometimes quite melting, vinous. 



Seeds: 1 to 4, small in b generally, to very large in o, 1/5' to 1/4' or more long, by 1/6' to 

 1/5' broad, obovate pyriform, with sometimes very short or no beak, but generally with a large, - 

 orange colored, strong, blunt beak, sometimes in form b small and acute, well defined, resembling 

 V. cinerea; color light in a to dark purplish-brown in b. Raphe not very prominent, sometimes 

 depressed; chalaza usually below the middle of seed, slightly expanded, not much elevated, 

 generally ovate, or narrowly elliptical, sometimes circular, convex, surrounded by a distinct 

 groove which extends to rounded top of seed — rarely over it — and in such cases making the 

 seed appear much as in V. labrusca, in which the raphe lies extending down the inner face as a 

 thin thread to beak, as in V. vinifera; depressions distinct, slightly curved or straight, nearly 

 parallel, close to the raphe, of characteristic orange color similar to the color of base of beak. 



Plantlet: Seed-leaves large, ovate, acute pointed, green, petioles long, 1/2' or more. 



Viticultural Observations and Remarks 



Germination slow but strong, later than V. cinerea; foliation medium to very late; inflo- 

 rescence a few days later than V. cordifolia, different vines varying much, in form a generally 

 earlier than in form b, ripening of fruit from mid-season, or with V . labrusca until three or four 

 weeks later. 



Vigor and endurance in the changeable western climates remarkable, resisting drouth exceed- 

 ingly well ; Mildew and Rot attack leaves and fruit of some of the vines in regions where these 

 fungi are abundant. Grows from cuttings with the greatest difificulty of any species of this series. 

 Some varieties of b occasionally found making good or better table grapfes than many V. labrusca 

 varieties in cultivation, examples of which are found in Jaeger's No. 43 and others of his finding, 

 "Early Purple," "Lucky" and some others found by the writer. Jaeger's No. 43 has a large 

 cluster and medium berry, black, good for eating, and makes a fine claret with a little native 

 taste. The clusters of each of these varieties are very compact and ship well. No. 43 fertilizes, 

 itself fairly well some seasons and is very productive. Owing to difificulty of growing this species 

 from cuttings its good varieties have been little disseminated. Some of Jaeger's and my own 

 hybrids of it with improved varieties of other species promise to be very valuable. Jaeger's 

 Nos. 43, 13, Neosho and many Texas varieties found by me, are exceptionally free from attacks 

 of fungus diseases. The fertile vines of this species are generally incapable of self-fertilization. 

 H. Jaeger stated in a letter to the writer that of about 100 fertile plants tested in his vineyard, 

 only 5 or 6 will fertilize themselves sufficiently to make a crop and the writer's experience corre- 

 sponds with this. Taking all things into consideration, this species is one of the most remarkable,^ 

 interesting and promising to viticulturists. 



It is frequently found naturally hybridized with V cordifolia, V. cinerea, V. rupestris, 

 V. vulpina and V. candicans. The writer has numerous very fine and valuable hybrids of fine 

 grapes upon best varieties of form b which succeed vastly better in the South than the old 

 labrusca varieties and their hybrids from the North. It is generally found on loamy, well drained 

 sandy uplands, where Post Oak {Quercus minor) grows, form b in Southwestern Missouri, Arkan- 

 sas and Oklahoma, and very abundant in Northern Texas, form a in Eastern Texas, east of 

 the Trinity River and its tributaries, and Eastern Louisiana, and also Central Texas, east of 

 Austin, where the typical form described by Buckley was found. It is not found in "Western and 

 Southwestern Texas, west of San Antonio, Austin, and Weatherford, except in isolated places 

 in Gillespie and Blanco counties. It is very abundant and of typical form in parts of Caldwell 

 County, Texas. 



Though rather less distinct from V. astivalis than V. bicolor, it is yet readilv separated from 

 the former by having larger berries and seed, larger leaves, and bluish appearance in 6 to a much 

 larger degree on lower side of leaf, much greater endurance of drouth, and in Missouri and 



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