The strong, musk\' odor and flavor is peculiar to this species and found in no other American 

 ■species save rarely and slightly in V. Lincecumii. It is by this odor that skunks, foxes, raccoons 

 and opossums are attracted and select the fruit at night from a vineyard and do not molest 

 other varieties while these remain. There are not a few Americans who from this muskiness 

 prefer this to other species. The peculiar odor and flavor in the "Southern Muscadines" — 

 V roiundifolia, — though very pronounced, is quite different, and greatly refined above the 

 "foxiness" of Labrusca. 



V. labrusca is found naturally in moist, alluvial, sandy soils, from Central New England to 

 South Carolina, Georgia, and Central Tennessee, east of the AUeghanies, and south of the Cumber- 

 land ridge. Dr. Engelmann reported that it is not found native within the Mississippi Valley 

 proper. It has been reported to me in Michigan, and in Southwestern Missouri and in Texas, but 

 examination of these claims proved them erroneous. During the summer of 1892, Professor W. O. 

 Cross, of Louisville, Ky., wrote me that he had for years known of V. labrusca being native in 

 some of the southern counties of Indiana and referred me to Prof. A. H. Young, Botanist, of 

 Hanover, Ind., who kindly sent me specimens of V. labrusca, taken from a vine found wild in 

 Jefferson Co., Ind., and to Miss Abbie J. Dean, of Marble Hill, Clark Co., Ind., who sent me speci- 

 mens of two wild vines found in Clark Co., Ind., both of which were of the pure V. labrusca, L. 

 These grapes are known in those sections as "Fox Grape," and many vines are reported. Thus 

 it is no longer a doubtful question as to whether V. labrusca is native or not west of the Appa- 

 lachians, but its occurrence so far, as a native, in the Mississippi Valley, as now known, is con- 

 fined to a Umited region in the "Slash" lands of Southern Indiana and again in Maury and 

 adjoining counties in Southern Tennessee, whence Mr. F. M. Ramsey and J. H. H. Bo^'d sent me 

 specimens of pure wild V. labrusca. Prof. W. O. Cross wrote me in September, 1893, that through 

 reliable sources he had learned that early in the settlement of Kentucky, V labrusca was a 

 common wild grape in certain tenacious sandy clay lands, "slash land," all through the counties 

 in- Kentucky adjoining the county of Jefferson, in which Louisville is located. Thus it appears 

 that the original native range of this species should have been from and bordering on the Ohio 

 River through Southern Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee, eastward to the Atlantic, including 

 all the Atlantic states excepting probably Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. 



Series II. Coriaceae 

 2. VITIS CORIACEA, Shuttleworth. In Herb. Cambridge. (See Plate VII.) 



Synonyms : 



V. Coriacea, Chapm.an, AG. 



V. Sinuata, DonMill. 1. 711. 



V. labrusca, var. typica ficifolia. Regel. Comspect. Vitis, .396. 



"Florida Grape," "Leather-leaf Grape," "Calloosa Grape." 



Plant: Very vigorous, climbing high with age. 



Roots: Slender, branching, firm, penetrating. 



Wood: When young very woolly, wool becoming floccose and disappearing after first year; 

 shape of section of mature annual wood oval, at first somewhat angled, smooth at maturity; 

 bark : epidermis at end of first year splitting into narrow fibrous plates and shedding second year, 

 true bark finely checked and fibrous with age, persistent, closely resembling V. candicans in this; 

 wood firm but porous, more so than V. cestivalis; section shows rays distinct, wide apart and 

 pores large; node bulged slightly, somewhat bent; diaphragm very thick, from 1/2' to half way 

 down to next node clearly concave above, buds small, at first conical subtriangular and acute on 

 mature wood, covered with dark brown scales and tipped with red rust}- wool, small pinkish in 

 opening, covered with white wool; tendrils generally forked twice, in well developed growth, 

 lengthy, woolly, persistent, medium strength; internodes 2' to 8' long, pith enlarged, just above 

 diaphragm and of true pithy character, but below non-fibrous, dense, greenish, drying into discs 



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