The Grape Berry "Worms" 



There are two species. One is the larva of a moth (Lobesia botrana), half an inch long, of 

 a bluish-black color, that spins a web and lets itself to the ground. The other is the larva of a 

 curcuHo {Cosliodes inequalis), about one-fourth of an inch long, the beetle one-eighth of an inch.. 

 Some seasons they are quite numerous, so as to cause considerable loss of fruit and ragged 

 appearance of clusters, unless diligently sprayed with Bordeaux, forcing spray each time abund- 

 antly thru all the cluster, which I have found to be a fairly good preventive. Frequent 

 hand-picking and burning all the affected berries, which may be done in a small family vineyard, 

 will also prevent much damage. 



There are some 200 insects that in some way or another prey upon the vine and its fruit, 

 but the above are all that require special treatment, in -the United States, to secure success in 

 the vineyard. 



Chief Fungus Parasites of the Grape. 



The Downy Mildew. (Peronospera viticola.) 



This fungus flourishes on the under side of the leaves of nearly all varieties of Vinifera grapes 

 and their hybrids in moist sultry weather in all countries having much constant moisture in the 

 air, except near bodies of salt water, the bree?e from which seems to be a partial or entire prevent- 

 ive. It first appears as downy white spots, which spread rapidly, and in favorable weather, soon 

 cover the entire under side of the leaf, which finally turns brown and crisp and drops off. The 

 white appearance is due to myriads of microscopic ellipsoidal pearly white spores that soon ripen 

 and fly in the air to alight and root in the tissues of younger leaves. It soon spreads in favorable 

 weather to all vines in the vineyard not immune. All species of grapes native in arid regions are 

 subject to it when moved into sultry, moist inland regions, in low altitudes. Most species native 

 in the low, moist, sultry regions are immune to it in part or whole, and their hybrids with Vinifera, 

 generally much less subject than pure Vinifera, and there is much difference among Vinifera 

 varieties in resisting it. It is more widely distributed over the world than anjr other fungus 

 parasite of the grape. It is readily held in check by timely and thoro application of the 

 Bordeaux Mixture, except when it takes on the form of Ripe Grape Rot, which is exceedingly 

 difficult, or impossible to treat without spoiling the fruit, except by frequent and thorough appli- 

 cations while the grapes are green so as to have the vineyard clean of mildew when grapes are 

 ripening. 



Powdery Mildew. {Uncinula spiralis.) ■ 



This fungus is known in Europe generally under the name Ouidium. It is a troublesome 

 pest, both in Europe and California, confining itself to the Vinifera varieties, and its delicate 

 leaved hybrids. It quickly spreads all over the leaves and fruit, as a dull, bluish-white powdery 

 growth, that weakens the vine and ruins the fruit. It is generally treated with flower of sulphur, 

 thoroly dusted with bellows through the foliage, beginning early in the season and making 

 frequent applications. Bordeaux is equally efficient, and with the improved spraying machinery 

 is far more thoroly, quickly and cheaply applied. 



Anthracnose or Bird's-Eye Rot. {Spaceloma ampelinum.) 



Some varieties of grapes are subject to this parasite in the damp, chilly weather of spring, 

 when the young shoots have pushed very rapidly before the cool rainy weather comes on. It 

 quickly shows in little irregular black blotches upon the delicate young wood, the leaf-stems and 

 on the stems of clusters and on the young berries. The blotches spread lengthwise along the wood 

 and often run unto one another, and eventually leave deep and permanent sores or depressions 

 in the wood. On the berries, each single spore or center of infection enlarges in a circular black 

 spot, often with concentric rings of different shades of grayish-brown and crimson, if large, but, 



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