84 THE FORESTS OF RUSSIA IN EUROPE 



an area of 1,041,096 square versts (a square verst 

 = 281 acres), equal to the area of Germany and Austria 

 together. In the south the forests are to be found in 

 the ten Governments comprising the Vistula basin, 

 Volhynia, Kiev, Tchernigov, Orel, Riazan, Tambov, 

 Penza, and Orenburg. For forestry purposes Russia 

 as a whole has been divided into the following thirteen 

 zones, each zone having the same lines of export for 

 its materials: 



1. North. — The Governments of Archangel and 



Vologda, served by the ports on the White Sea. 



2. North Baltic. — Comprising the Governments of 



Olonetz, Novgorod, Petrograd, served princi- 

 pally by the ports of Petrograd and Cronstadt. 



3. South Baltic. — Governments of Esthonia, Livonia, 



Courland, Pskov, Smolensk, and Vitebsk, served 

 by the important port of Riga. 



4. Basin of Niemen. — Governments of Kovno, Vilna, 



and Grodno. The Niemen river is used to float 

 timber exports into Germany and down to 

 Konigsberg. 



5. Basin of Vistula. — Six Governments served by 



the Vistula, and via Germany to the port of 

 Dantzig. 



6. Dnieper Basin. — Governments of Mohilev, Minsk, 



Volhynia, Kiev, Tchernigov, Podolia, Bess- 

 arabia, Poltava, Ekaterinodar, Kherson, and 

 Taurida, Produce exported to Central Russia 

 by way of Kiev, Kherson, and Odessa. 



7. Mineral Region of the Ural. — Governments of 



Perm, Oufa, and Orenburg. Most-of the pro- 



