THIRTEEN ZONES 85 



duce of the forests of these governments is used 

 locally in the mineral workshops, etc. 



8. Upper Volga Basin. — Governments of Tver, 



Jaroslav, Kostroma, and Viatka. 



9. Middle Volga. — Governments of Vladimir, Nijni- 



Novgorod, and Kazan, 



10. Lower Volga. — Governments of Simbirsk, Sam- 

 ara, Saratov, Don, and Astrakan. 



11. Central Russia. — The Governments of Moscow, 

 Kaluga, Riazan, Penza, Tambov, Orel, Toula, 

 Kojelsk, Veronega, and Kharkov. The produce 

 from the forests of these regions is disposed of in 

 the markets of Moscow. 



12. The Caucasus. 



13. Siberia and Turkestan. 



The bulk of the forests in European Russia belong 

 to the State. There are, however, both private and 

 communal forests in existence, some being State-aided, 

 as will be subsequently shown. 



It is well understood that industrial operations are 

 developed as a direct outcome of the presence of fuel 

 and combustible resources in a country. Russia is 

 well off in these factors. In the north, Ural, and the 

 ftorth-east the factories are supplied with wood fuel, 

 in Donetz and the Vistula basin by oil fuel, in Moscow 

 by naphtha. Each of these-fotms of industry is more 

 Or less intimately connected with economic forestry. 

 Sport and the collection of the seed of the cembran 

 pine, important as the latter is in the winter to the 

 population in Siberia, take only a secondary place to 

 thie real forestry industry, which, with the develop*- 



