HOW TO KNOW THE BUTTERFLIES 



place and not to be found a few miles distant, 

 even though the physical features of the two 

 places are similar. 



The caterpillar hatches from the egg in the 

 autumn and winters in its first stage. It feeds by 

 night, and Mr. Scudder thinks it is likely to have 

 another food-plant than violets. 



The species is single-brooded, and occurs from 

 Maine to Delaware and westward to Nebraska 

 and Arkansas. 



The Great Spangled Fritillary 



Argynnis cybele (Ar-gyn'nis cyb'e-le) 



Plate XXI, Fig. i, 2 



There occur in the eastern United States three species of 



the larger Fritillaries, representing the genus Argynnis, which 



can be separated at a glance from their allies occurring in this 



fauna, but which so closely agree in color and in markings 



that it is with difficulty that they can be distinguished from 



each other. These are represented on Plate XXI ; and the 



distinctive characteristics are given in the table above. 



The males of these insects can be distinguished by a fringe 

 of long hairs in the basal two-thirds of cell R J of the hind wings. 

 Caterpillar. — Length one and three-fourths inches. Black 

 more or less velvety, bearing on each side the characteristic 

 three rows of black thorny spines which in this case are 

 polished ; the base of these spines may be orange. Its habits 

 are nocturnal. 



Food-plant. — Any species of violet. 

 II 4 



