HOW TO KNOW THE BUTTERFLIES 



generation pushes on until late in the season we 

 hear of them as far north as Hudson Bay. As 

 the cool weather approaches these emigrant butter- 

 flies gather in great flocks and move back to the 

 South. It is quite impossible for us to under- 

 stand how the flocks of butterflies are guided in 

 their migrations. There are among their num- 

 bers none that are travel-wise, like the leaders of 

 the bird flocks, but still they follow their direction 

 as steadily as the wind will allow. Nor is the 

 monarch satisfied with these journeys to the north 

 and south ; it is the strongest flyer of all the 

 butterflies and does not hesitate to try its fortune 

 over the seas, and has been found flying five 

 hundred miles from shore. Either by flight or as 

 stowaways in vessels it has pressed eastward to 

 Europe and westward to the isles of the Pacific. 

 Well is it named the monarch, for it is the most 

 daring and indomitable butterfly that we know, 

 pushing back its geographical boundaries to the 

 edge of the arctic zone, exploring leisurely on 

 confident wing the seas of the Occident and 

 Orient. 



The caterpillars when disturbed jerk the whip- 

 lash-like filaments back and forth, this evidently 

 being a method of keeping off the ichneumons. 

 They are smug-looking caterpillars and flaunt 



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