HOW TO KNOW THE BUTTERFLIES 



first of August. It winters in the egg state and 

 is single-brooded. 



THE COPPERS 



The coppers are easily distinguished from other gossamer- 

 winged butterflies by their orange-red and brown colors, each 

 with a coppery tinge, and conspicuous black markings. They 

 are the stoutest of the Lycaenidse. About twenty species are 

 known to occur in this country, but only four are found in 

 the East. These can be separated by the following table : 

 A.. Vein M, of the fore wings arising from vein R b at a con- 

 siderable distance beyond the apex of cell R + M. (F. tar- 

 quinius), p. 237. The Wanderer. 



AA. Vein M, of the fore wings arising at the apex of cell 

 R + M. 



B. Hind wings with a broad orange-red band on the 

 outer margin extending from the anal angle nearly to the 

 apex. 



C. Of small size, expanding about one inch. (C. hy- 

 poplducas), p. 241. The American Copper. 



CC. Of medium size, expanding about one and one-half 

 inches. (C. thoe), p. 239. The Bronze Copper. 



BB. Hind wings with a sinuous submarginal orange line 

 beginning at the anal angle and fading out near the mid- 

 dle of the outer margin. {E. epixanthc), p. 240. 



The Purple Disk. 



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