HOW TO KNOW THE BUTTERFLIES 



brown species. The antenna; usually have a stout club, with 

 a short recurved tip ; sometimes this tip is wanting. Vein 

 M, ; of the fore wings arises much nearer to vein M 3 than to 

 vein M,, the base of the vein usually curving noticeably to- 

 ward vein M 3 (Fig. 44). In the majority of our species the 

 males can be recognized at a glance by a conspicuous patch 

 crossing the disk of the fore wings, which usually appears to the 

 naked eye like a scorched, oblique 

 streak, and which, on this account, is 

 termed the brand (Fig. 45). The 

 brand is a complicated organ, com- 

 posed of tubular scales, t\\eandroconia, 

 that are the outlets of scent-glands, 



' , L , b and of other scales of various shapes ; 



per with a brand. 



in some species the brand is wanting. 



This subfamily is an exceedingly difficult one to study, as 

 the differences between allied species in many cases is very 

 slight. Another confusing feature is the fact that in very 

 many cases either sex resembles the same sex of other species 

 much more closely than it does the opposite sex of the same 

 species ; and, too, in several species there are two distinct forms 

 of females which differ in appearance from each other more 

 than either does from the females of certain other species. In 

 the latter case the species is represented by three distinct 

 forms, one male and two female. 



More than one hundred species have been described from 

 America north of Mexico ; the more common species that 

 occur in the East are described below and can be separated 

 by the following table : 

 A. Fringe of wings conspicuously marked with alternating 



colors. (Amblyscirtes.') 



262 



