176 



HISTORY OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



whereas the cryptogamous foiTO only the twenty- 

 fourth and last class of this system. 



Of the phanerogamous plants some have her- 

 maphrodite flowei-s, that is, having the two sexes 

 united, while the rest are unisexual. 



The first twenty classes of the sexual system 

 contain the phanerogamous plants, with herma- 

 phrodite or monoclinous flowers. In the next 

 three are placed the dicHnous plants, or those 

 with unisexual flowers. 



3. Phanerogamous monoclinous plants. 

 diclinous plants. 



The monoclinous plants have the stamina free 

 and detached from the pistil; or the stamina are 

 united to the pistil. 



4. Monoclinous plants with free stamina. 

 with stamina united to 



the pistil. 



The stamina, when disunited from the pistil, 

 may be free and distinct from each other; cr 

 they may he united together. 



5. Stamina not united to the pistil, free and 

 distinct. 



Stamina not united to the pistil, united together. 



The free and distinct stamina are equal or 

 unequal to each other. 



Those which are free and equal exist in de- 

 terminate or indeterminate number. 



6. Stamina free and equal, in determinate 

 number. 



Stamina free and equal, in indeterminate 

 number. 



It was upon considerations of this kind that 

 Linnaeus laid the foundations of his system. 

 Accordingly, it wiU be seen that it is founded: — 



1st, Upon the number of stamina, the first 

 thirteen classes. 



2dly, Upon their rela,tive proportion, the four- 

 teenth and fifteenth. 



Sdli/, Upon their connection by means of the 

 filaments, the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth. 



4thly, Upon their union by means of the 

 anthers, the nineteenth. 



Sthly, Upon their union with the pistil, the 

 twentieth. 



6thlt/, Upon the separation of the sexes, the 

 twenty-first, twenty-second, and twenty-third. 



Ithly, Upon the absence of sexual organs, the 

 twenty-fourth. 



1 . Stamina in determinate number, and equal to 

 each other. 



Class I. Monandeia. — It contains all the plants 

 whose flowers have only a single stamen, as Hip- 

 puris vulgaris, Blitum, Canna indica. 



Class II. Diancjoa. — Two stamina; the jas- 

 mine, the lilac, the genus Veronica, the sage, 

 the rosemary. 



Class III. Triandela. — Three stamina : most 

 of the gramincEB, the genus Iris. 



Class IV. Teteandria — Four stamina : the 



madder, the bedstraw, the woodroof, the genus 

 Scahiosa. 



Class V. Pentandeia. — Five stamina: the 

 boraginese, such as the borage and lungwort; the 

 Solanese, such as the bitter-sweet, the belladonna, 

 the potato, the winter-cherry; the exotic rubi- 

 aceae, as the genera Chinchona, Psychotria; the 

 Umbelliferae, as the parsnip, the hemlock, the 

 opoponax, the coriander. 



Class VI. IIexanbria. — Six stamina. To 

 this class belong most of the Liliacese, the lily, 

 the tulip, the hyacinth ; many Asparaginete, as 

 the asparagus, the lily of the valley, and the 

 rice. 



Class VII. Heptandria. — Seven stamina. 

 This is a very small class. It contains the horse- 

 chestnut, the saururus. 



Class VIII. Octandeia. — Eight stamina : the 

 genera Rumex, Polygonum, and Erica. 



Class IX. Enneandria. — Nine stamina. To 

 this class are referred the different species of 

 laurus and rheum, lutomus umhellatus. 



Class X. Decandria. — Ten stamina. In this 

 class we find nearly all the Caryophylleae, such 

 as the pink, the genera Lychnis and Silene, the 

 rue, Phytolacca decandra. 



2. Stamina not strictly determinate as to number. 



Class XI. Dodecandria. — From eleven to 

 twenty stamina. As in asarum Ewropwum, reseda 

 luteola, agrimonia eupatoria, sempermrum tec- 

 torum. 



Class XII. Icosandeia. — More than twenty 

 stamina inserted upon the. calyx. To this class 

 belong the true rosaceae, the plum, the almond, 

 the rose, the strawberry, the myrtle, the pome- 

 granate. 



Class XIII. Polyandeia. — From twenty to a 

 hundred stamina, inserted under the ovary. In 

 this class are contained the true ranunculaceas, 

 such as anemone, clematis, ranunculus, hellehorusj 

 most of the papaveracese, such as the common 

 poppy, chelidonium. 



3. Relative length of the Stamina. 



Class XIV. Dldtnamia, — Four stamina, of 

 which two are always smaller and two longer, 

 all inserted upon an irregular monopetalous 

 corolla. This class contains the labiatae and 

 personatse of Toumefort; such as thyme, laven- 

 der, the bugle, betony, snapdragon, foxglove, 

 Bcrophularia, catalpa. 



Class XV. Tbteabtnamia. — Six stamina, of 

 which two are always smaller than the other 

 four: thecoroUa polypetalous; the fruit a siliqua 

 or silioula. This class corresponds entirely to 

 the cruciferae of Tournefort. 



4. Union of the Stamina by their filaments. 

 Class XVI. Monadelphia. — Stamina in vari- 

 able number, united into a single body by their 



