FLORAL CALENDAR. 



6J1 



the reach of frost, to prolong their bloom. A 

 few heaths, statice, and pelargoniums still in 

 bloom. In the stove, vinea, stapelia, romanthera, 

 and a few others. The increasing coolness of 

 the weather conduces to the retreat of a consi- 

 derable number of insects. 



Flies of various species, and the cristalis 

 tenax, which much resembles a drone bee, are 

 very abundant in sunny days upon the flowers 

 of the autumnal flowering compositse. 



November and December. — The remains of the 

 plants of last month in greater or less beauty, 

 according to the weather, and perhaps a few 

 plants unnaturally in bloom. In mild winters 

 stocks of several sorts, larkspurs, violets, India 

 pinks, pot marigolds, polyanthuses, primroses, 

 gentians, monthly roses, yellow amaryllis, daisies, 

 and various other plants. In the shrubbery, 

 clematis calycina, and perhaps a few plants 

 unnaturally in bloom. In the greenhouse, dry- 

 andria, erica, lantana, and camellias, about the 

 middle of December. In the stove, all the spe- 

 cies of strelitzia ; also stapelias, amarillis, aletris, 

 and one or two other bulbs. From the forcing 

 department, hyacinths, Persian iris, and other 

 bulbs, monthly roses, the Provence rose, and 

 other shrubs and flowers. 



The subjoined table, drawn up by Linnaeus, 

 shows the diurnal expansion of the corollas of 

 several species of flowers. 



HOEOLOGIUM FLORiE, 



OR A TABLE OF THE HOURS AT WHICH CERTAIN PLANTS 



EXPAND AND SHUT, AT UPSAL, IN THE 60th DEGREE 



OF NORTH LAT. 



Honra at 



which the 



Flo^rera 



open. 



A. M. 



3 to 4 



4 to 6 

 4 to 5 

 4 to 5 

 4 to 5 



4 to 6 

 5 



6 

 6 



5 to 6 

 S to 6 



5 to 6 

 6 



6 



6 to 7 

 6 to 7 

 6 to 7 

 6 to 7 



6 to 8 

 7 



7 

 7 

 7 

 7 

 7 



7 to 8 

 7 to 8 

 8 



S 

 9 



9 to 10 

 9 to 10 

 10 to 11 



p. M. 



5 

 6 



9 to 10 

 9 to 10 



NAMES OF PLANTS. 



Tragopo^on pratense . 

 Leontodon tuberosum 

 Picris hieracioides 

 Cichorium Intybus . 

 Crepis tectorum 

 Picridium tingitanura 

 Sonclius olernceus . 

 Papaver nudicaiile . 

 Hemerocallis fiilva 

 Leontodon taraxacum 

 Crepis alpina 

 Rhagadiolus edulis . 

 HypocliBeris maeulata 

 Hieraciam umbellatum 

 Hieraoium murorum 

 Hieracium FUosella 

 Crepis rubra 

 Sonchus arvensis 

 Alyssum utriculatum . 

 Leontodon 

 Sonclius lappnnicus 

 Lactnca sativa .... 

 Calendula pluvialis 

 Nymphasa nlba 

 Anthericum ramosum 

 Mesembryantbemum barbatum 

 Mesembryanthemum linguiforme 

 Hieracium auricula . 

 Anagallis arvensis 

 Dianthiis prolifer 

 Hieracium chemdriUoides 

 Calendula arvensis . 



Arenaria 



Mesembryanthemum crystallinura 

 Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum 



Nyctago hortensia 

 Geranium triste . 

 Silene noctiflora 

 Cactus grandiflorus 



Hours at which the 

 tioweis close. 



A. M. 



9 to 10 



10 



10 to 12 

 10 



11 to 12 



8 to 13 



U 

 10 



p. M. 



7 



7 to 8 



4 to 5 



5 



2 



3 to 4 



1 to 2 



3 to 4 



5 



3 to 4 



I 

 1 



8 



2 to 3 

 2 to 4 

 3 



CHAP. LV. 



NATDKAL FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



In chapter xxv. we gave a summary of the 

 natural families forming the second great divi- 

 sion of plants, the monocotyledonous; in this 

 we shall enumerate the families composing the 

 third or dicotyledonous division. 



This division, as already mentioned, compre- 

 hends all those plants whose embryo has two 

 seed-lobes, or cotyledons, and comprehends the 

 greater number of flowering trees and shrubs, as 

 well as a great proportion of other flowering 

 herbaceous plants. 



In dicotyledonous plants, the stem is com- 

 posed internally of concentric layers, or circles; 

 the veins of the leaves are branched laterally; 

 there is generally both a calyx and corolla, and 

 two cotyledons in the embryo. In a single 

 family — the coniferae, these cotyledons exceed 

 two. 



Aristolochi^, Jussieu. This family is com- 

 posed of only two genera, aristolochia and 

 asarum. It consists of herbaceous, or frutescent 

 and twining plants, bearing alternate, entire 

 leaves, and axillar flowers. Their calyx is 

 regular, with three valvar divisions, or irregular, 

 tubular, and forming a, lip of very diversified 

 figure. The stamina, ten or twelve in number, 

 are inserted upon the ovary. They are some- 

 times free and distinct, sometimes intimately 

 united with the style and stigma, and thus form- 

 ing a kind of nipple placed at the summit of 

 the ovary. On its lateral parts this nipple bears 

 the six stamina, which are bilocular, and at its 

 summit is terminated by six small lobes, which 

 may be considered as the stigmas. The fruit is 

 a capsule, or a berry with three or six cells, each 

 containing a very large number of seeds, con- 

 taining a very small embryo, placed in a fleshy 

 endosperm. 



Jussieu united to this family the genus cytinus, 

 which has become the type of a distinct family, 

 under the name of cytineoe. 



The roots of the plants of this family are 

 generally tonic and stimulant, and have also been 

 employed in uterine affections. The root of 

 aristolochia serpentaria, which is aromatic, with 

 a pungent taste, has been used with success in 

 typhus. Asarabacca is diuretic, and is employed 

 as an external application for ophthalmia. 



CYTiNE.ffi;, Brown. The flowers are unisexual, 

 monoecious, or dioecious. The calyx is adherent, 

 rarely free (nepenthes). Its limb has four or five 

 divisions. The stamina vary from eight to sixteen, 

 sometimes a greater number. They are mona- 

 delphous. The ovary is inferior, excepting in 

 nepenthes, with one or four cells. The seeds 

 are attached to parietal trophosperms. The style 



