FAMILIAR SEEDS, STRUCTURE AND GERMINATION 11 
mealie, called the gymnosperms, and the seed contains 
several cotyledons. It is a very small seed and has a 
wing attached which helps in fruit dispersal. Tle testa 
isa tough coat. Inside are several cotyledons, packed 
closely together and surrounded by endosperm. The 
Fria. 7.—Germination of the Pumpkin. 
A. The seed. B. The seed laid open showing the cotyledon. Cc. The 
seed germinating and radicle growing downwards. D. The coty- 
ledons leaving the tasta, the latter being held down by a peg. E. 
Hypocoty! straightened out and cotyledons fully exposed. F. The 
first foliage leaves appearing. (From Darwin’s ‘Elements of 
Botany ”’.) . 
cotyledons turn green while in the seed. They are 
epigeal. 
7. The Pumpkin Seed.—This is a thin flattened seed 
(fig. 7), oval in outline, the hilum and micropyle being 
