THE LEAF 69 
(fig. 41 B) the leaves are described as AMP@LEXICAUL; 
if, as in the Borbonia perforata, the leaf base completely 
surrounds the stem, so that the stem seems to grow 
through the leaf, the term PERFOLIATE is used (fig. 41 D). 
If the bases of two opposite leaves are united, so that 
a cup is formed (fig. 42), they are said to be ConnaTE 
(e.g. Crassula) ; when any part of the 
leaf adheres to the stem, e.g. Stoboea, 4 WV a 
it is said to be DEcuRRENT (fig. 41 c). he SA 
If the leaves grow from the main Se 
stem they are termed CAULINE; if Fic. 42. —Connate 
from branches, Raman; if from a ee 
short reduced stem (so that they appear to come from 
the root), RADICAL. 
39. Forms of Leaves.—(a) Composition.—When the 
divisions of the leaf-blade are distinct, and have a 
separate insertion on the common leaf-stalk or on the 
midrib, then termed the SPINDLE or RHAcHIS, a leaf is 
spoken of as COMPOUND; in all other cases it is said to 
be StmpLe. Hach separate part of the compound leaf 
is called a leaflet. The divisions of the leaf-blade are 
said to be PInNATE or PALMATE, according as the inci- 
sions run towards the midrib or towards the base of the 
leaf-blade. 
(b) Incision.—A leaf is said to be ENTIRE if its margin 
is unbroken (fig. 43 B, D and’E). When incisions ex- 
tend nearly midway between margin and midrib the leaf is 
said to be PINNATIFID or PALMATIFID; when they reach 
more than half way PINNATIPARTITE or PALMATIPAR- 
TITE ; when they reach almost to the midrib PINNATISECT 
or PaLMATISECT. 
