THE LEAF 71 
(d) Outline.—The following terms are used with re- 
gard to the outline of the leaf: Ovau or ELLIPTicaL, if 
broadest in the middle and round at the ends; Lancro- 
LATE, if ends gradually taper; ORBICULAR, if the leaf is 
nearly round (fig. 43 E), eg. Nasturtium; OvaTs, if 
rounded at base and pointed at the apex (fig. 43 B); 
OxovateE, if the reverse; RENIFoRM, if apex is rounded 
and leaf is notched at the base; AcERosE, if sharp 
pointed and needle-like, as in the Pine; Linnar, if 
narrow and with almost parallel edges; SPATHULATE, 
if apex is rounded and leaf gradually tapers towards the 
base, e.g. Lettuce; CUNEATE, as with a spathulate leaf 
but more tapering towards the base (eg. leaflets of 
Horse-chestnut) ; Sagrrrate, if shaped like an arrow- 
head, e.g. Arum (fig. £8 D); Hasrats, if barbs are more 
at right angles to the blade than in a sagittate leaf; 
CorRDATE, if heart-shaped ; OBcorDATE, if the reverse. 
(e) Margin.—lIf the margin is not entire it may be 
CRENATE, having a number of rounded processes ; 
DENTATE, if processes are sharp pointed, or SERRATE if 
processes are sharp pointed and point forwards. The 
margin may be covered with hairs, in which case it is 
called CintaTE. The term SINUATE is used if indenta- 
tions are deeper than in the case of a crenate margin, 
eg. Oak (fig. 43 8). 
40. Other Terms.—If a pinnate leaf has an even 
number of leaflets it is said to be PARIPINNATE, if an un- 
even number IMPARIPINNATE. If the leaflets are com- 
pletely incised so that secondary leaflets or pinnules are 
formed the leaf is said to be BipinnaTE (fig. 43 F), e.g. 
Mimosa. Similarly, if these pinnules are completely 
