THE FLOWER AND INFLORESCENCE 95 
they are polyandrous, syngenesious or adelphous. Describe 
the stamens and say whether they are sessile, epipetalous or 
possess filaments. State whether anthers are introrse or ex- 
trorse, adnate, innate, dorsifixed, or versatile. 
Gynoecitum.—Say whether it is mono- or poly-carpellary (apo- 
or syn-carpous) and give the number of carpels. 
Say whether ovary is unilocular or multilocular, superior or 
inferior, Give the number of ovules and their placentation. 
Describe style and stigma. 
3. Examine and make drawings of the stamens of Foxglove 
and Aloe, to show : (a) general form, (b) insertion of anthers, (c) 
mode of dehiscence, (d) internal structure. 
QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER VI. 
1, Draw a diagram of a longitudinal section through a simple 
pistil ; insert an anatropous ovule on a central placenta and 
show how this would be fertilized by a pollen grain. 
2. Describe the formation of the pollen grains in an anther. 
In which natural order of plants is the formation different from 
the usual one? 
3. What is the placenta of plants? Give an account of the 
more common forms of placentation. 
4, Explain the terms hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous 
as applied to the corolla, and give some examples drawn from 
the South African Flora, illustrating these terms. 
5. Describe briefly with examples the following forms of in- 
florescence, and point out the relationship which exists between 
them: Panicle, raceme, umbel, spike, spadix, capitulum. 
6. What is meant by a floral diagram? What is its value ? 
Draw the floral diagram of a flower which has the following 
formula :-— 
K5 Cd A5+5 G (5). 
7. Give an account with examples of the following terms 
as applied to the calyx: regular, irregular, saccate, tubular, 
bilabiate. 
8. What parts of a typical flower are supposed to be modified 
leaves? What evidence can you adduce for this ? 
9. Name and illustrate three types of flower arrangements ; 
