102 SOUTH AFRICAN BOTANY 
The Cocoa-nut (fig. 56) is a fibrous drupe. The epi- 
carp is hard and green, the mesocarp fibrous, forming 
the cocoa-nut fibre of commerce, and the endocarp 
is the hard shell. The edible portion is the endosperm 
of the seed, the testa being a thin brown covering inside 
the hard shell. There is a minute embryo at one end, 
below one of the three little pits 
at the lower end of the shell. 
The Walnut is also a drupe, 
the epicarp and mesocarp of 
which peel off as it ripens, the 
aut we eat is the ‘stone,’ its 
endocarp being hard and woody. 
The single seed inside has a thin 
brown testa, and splits readily 
oe a: into two halves, the cotyledons. 
FIG ction of Coccenut, =» The Date is really a berry 
a. Epicarp. 6. Endocarp. containing one seed. 
c. Testa. d. Endosperm 
or albumin. e. Embryo. The Almond is a drupe, the 
. Cavity in the endo- . : : 
oA Thich contains seed of which is eaten. 
enorme The Cape Gooseberry is a 
berry surrounded by the persistent calyx; other berries 
found here are the Orange, Naartje, Tree Tomato and 
Grenadilla. 
69. Dispersal of Seeds.—Just as the flower was de- 
pendent on outside agents for cross-pollination, so the 
fruit must have help in dispersing its seeds. The chief 
agencies by which seeds may be dispersed are wind, 
water, animals, and propulsive mechanisms in the fruit 
itself. 
70. Dispersal by Wind.—Some seeds are so small and 
