THE FRUIT 107 
the struggle for existence, overcrowding is prevented, 
and the young seedlings get more food, light, and air 
than they would if all crowded round the parent plant. 
The study of seed distribution also helps us to un- 
derstand how plants are scattered over various parts 
of the earth’s surface, how “ weeds”’ arise’ in cultivated | 
land, and how oceanic islands get their flora. 
SUMMARY. 
A, CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS. 
1. Simple 2. Compound. 3. Collective. 
| 
Dry Succulent 
| 
| | 
Dehiscent Indehiscent Drupe 
| Berry 
Follicle Achene Pome 
Legume Nut 
Capsule Samara 
(Siliqua ) 
\Siliculaf 
B. DIsPERSAL oF Fruits. 
1. Wind. a 2. Animals. 3. Water. 4. Explosive 
(a) Light seeds. (a) Succulent fruits. fruits. 
(b) Winged seeds. (6) Hooked fruits, 
(c) Plumed seeds, 
(d) Winged fruits. 
(e) Plumed fruits. 
PRACTICAL WORK. 
1. Examine as many as possible of the fruits mentioned. 
In each case sketch the fruit, showing its method of dehis- 
cence—if dehiscent—and sketcha seed. Find out whether the 
fruit was formed from an inferior or superior ovary and from 
how many ecarpels. Find also whether any other part of the 
flower besides the ovary has developed into the fruit. In the 
