CHAPTER VIII. 
POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION. 
74. Pollination.—Flowering plants are often spoken 
of as seed-plants in contra-distinction to the seedless or 
non-flowering plants, as only the flowering plant is able 
to produce seeds. 
Seeds are formed from the ovules in the ovary after 
certain conditions have been fulfilled. 
In order that an ovule may develop into a seed the 
pollen grains must first be transferred from the anther 
tothe stigma, This transference is called PoLLINATION. 
There may be (a) Self-Pollination, (b) Cross-Pollination. 
In the first case the pollen is transferred from stamens 
to stigma of the same flower, in the second case the 
pollen from one flower is placed on the stigma of another 
flower. 
Tf Cross-Pollination takes place, it is obvious that some 
external agent must be employed, since plants are 
stationary, and cannot themselves transfer the pollen 
from one flower to another. The chief agents effecting 
Pollination are wind, insects, birds and water. 
75, Anemophilous Flowers.—It is usually easy to deter- 
mine if a plant is wind pollinated (anemophilous). Such 
plants have small inconspicuous flowers. They produce 
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