112 SOUTH AFRICAN BOTANY 
pollination is the phenomenon known as Dichogamy, 
i.e. stamens and stigma ripen at different times. PRo- 
Fid. 60.—Monoecious Flowers. 
A. Pistillate flower of Pumpkin, B. Staminate flower of Pumpkin. 
TANDROUS flowers have the pollen ripe before the stigma, 
Protoaynous flowers have stigma ripe first (fig. 61). 
Fic. 61.—Protandrous Flower. 
A. Young Carnation flower. Stamens ripe. B. Older Carnation flower, 
Stigmas ripe. 
Protandrous flowers are found in the N.O. Compositae, 
Labiatae and Umbelliferae, and are much commoner 
than the protogynous flowers ; examples of the latter are 
