164 SOUTH AFRICAN BOTANY 
classes, Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. The former 
have their seeds in an ovary, and the latter do not. 
Angiosperms are again divided into two large classes, 
Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons. These two classes 
are easily distinguished from one another by certain 
well-marked characteristics. 
Monocotyledons have parallel veined leaves, the parts 
of the flower in threes, stem with scattered, closed 
vascular bundles, and seeds with one cotyledon. 
Dicotyledons have net-veined leaves, and parts of 
the flower in twos, fours, or fives (rarely threes), stem 
with a ring of open bundles or with secondary thicken- 
ing, and seeds with two cotyledons. 
Dicotyledons can again be divided into two SzRizs, 
Archichlamydeae and Sympetalae. The latter series 
have gamopetalous corollas, the former either no corolla, 
or a polypetalous one; but occasionally in the Archi- 
chlamydeae the corolla is gamopetalous. 
The Natural Orders considered in this book may then 
be grouped as follows :— 
146. FLOWERING PLANTS. 
| 
Angiosperms Gymnosperms 
dra | 
Dicotyledons Monocotyledons 
| | 
Archichlamydeae Sympetalae N. 0. Liliaceae 
N. O. Proteaceae N. O. Ericaceae Amaryllidaceae 
Cruciferae Labiatae Tridaceae 
Crassulaceae Solanaceae 
Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae 
Leguminosae Compositae 
Geraniaceae 
Oxalidaceae 
Malvaceae 
Ficoideae or Aizoaceae 
