190 SOUTH AFRICAN BOTANY 
Inflorescence.—Solitary or cymose. 
Flower.—Actinomorphic, complete. 
Calyx.—5, gamosepalous, inferior, green and thorny. 
Corolla.—5, gamopetalous, hypogynous, purple. 
Androecium.—, free, epipetalous, filaments short, 
anthers very large, dehiscing by pores. 
Gynoectum.—2, syncarpous, superior, stigma 2-fid, 
style long, ovary 2-celled, placentation axile, placentas 
dumb-bell shaped, ovules numerous. 
Fruit.—A berry, large and yellow. 
Other Genera and Species.—Solanum tuberosum, is 
the potato; Solanum melongena, the egg plant; and 
S. lycopersicum, the tomato. The well-known Potato 
Creeper is also a species of Solanum. 
Lycium is the Kaffir thorn, often used for hedges. 
Physalis is the Cape Gooseberry. Capsicum is cultivated 
for its fruits called chillies or red peppers; it is found 
wild in Canada and South America. Datura (Stink 
blaar or Thorn apple) is a very common weed in the 
Transvaal, with a 4-celled ovary and a 4-celled thorny 
capsule for fruit. Nicotiana is the Tobacco plant. 
Petunia, Salpiglossis, and Schizanthus are all cultivated 
in this country for their flowers. 
This order is fairly easily distinguished from all except 
Scrophulariaceae ; the essential difference being the 
oblique position of the ovary. This, however, is not 
easily made out and the regularity of the flower with 
its 5 stamens is the most usual distinction. 
158. N. O. Scrophulariaceae.—General Characters.— 
Mostly herbs and small shrubs, a few trees and climb- 
ing plants ; many are parasites. Flowers, gamopetalous, 
