208 SOUTH AFRICAN BOTANY 
the label should give the name of the specimen, its natural 
order, place and date of collection, and any other feature of 
interest. 
Preservation in Alcohol.—Instead of pressing and drying 
plants, they may be preserved in alcohol or formalin. They 
should be soaked in methylated spirit for a few days, and 
then transferred to a fresh bottle of pure alcohol. If this is 
tightly corked they will keep for a practically unlimited 
time. Each bottle must of course be labelled. 
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS. 
1. Very briefly state how you would prepare a specimen of 
a flowering plant for your herbarium from the time of collect- 
ing in the field to the time of mounting it. 
2. Give a brief account of the methods by which plants can 
reproduce themselves. 
3. Describe carefully, giving an example in each case: (a) 
a caryopsis, (0) a tap root, (c) an apocarpous ovary, (d) a phyllo- 
clade, (e) a compound leaf, (f/f) a siliqua, (g) monadelphous 
stamens, (h) syngenesious anthers, (7) acrescent ‘calyx, (j) a 
gamopetalous corolla, (k) an achene, (/) a capsule. 
4, Describe carefully and give examples of: (a) a runner, 
(b) a spathe, (¢) a gynandrous stamen, (d) a dioecious plant, 
(e) a spine, (/f) a fibrous root, (g) an involucre. 
5. What structural peculiarities are found in flowering 
plants which grow (a) in fresh water, (b) in very dry situa- 
tions? Show with regard to one of these classes of plants the 
advantage of the peculiarities mentioned. 
6. What do you understand by the following terms: Annual 
ring, dichasium, endodermis, parasite, parenchyma, rhizome, 
stoma ? 
7. Describe and give examples of : («) endorhizal root growth, 
(b) a capitulum, (c) a papilionaceous corolla, (d) free central 
placentation, (¢) a reniform leaf. 
