240 



ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 



156 



parts of the hypo- and xiphi-sternals, and is inserted into the 

 outer process of tlic )nil)is. The retrahens pelvini, ib. 44, arises 

 from the posterior half of the xiphisternal, and has a similar in- 

 sertion. More direct retractors of 

 the pelvis are the muscle called 

 Jiexor cauda ohturatorius, which 

 arises from the caudal hajmapo- 

 physes, and is inserted into the 

 front border of the obturator 

 foramen ; and the Jiexor caudoi 

 ischiadicus, ib. 52, with a similar 

 origin, but inserted into the ischial 



Muscles of pelvis, -E»iys i;7u-oi'«a. xxxvili. , . ,^, ,.,. 



symphysis. x.he pectineus {\\ia.cu5 

 internus, i?o/.), figs. 150, 152, 153, 91, arises from the upper surface 

 and outer process of the pubis, and is inserted into the inner tro- 

 chanter of the femur. Its insertion receives also a small fasciculus 

 from the ninth dorsal centrum, and the tenth pleurajjophysis, which 

 may represent the psoas. A glutceus, figs. 150, 151, 93, arises from 

 the ninth and tenth pleurapophyses, and from the ilium. A second 

 (jlutoius, figs. 150, 151, 152, 94, arises from the sacral and anterior 

 caudal pleurapophyses. Both are inserted into the outer trochanter, 

 together with a fasciculus, representing an ohturatorius, from the 

 inner surface of the oljturator fascia, and from the ischial symphysis. 

 The triceps adductor, figs. 152, 153, 97, arises from the inferior sur- 

 face of the pubis, and is inserted into the inner trochanter, crossed 

 by the ischio-pubic ligament. The quadratus, fig. 152, 9S, arises 

 from the tuber ischii, and is inserted into the back interspace of 

 the trochanters. The rectus fenioris, fig. 151, 99, arises by a bifid 

 tendon from the upper end of the ilium, and is inserted, with the 

 vastus externus, fig. 150, lou, vastus internus, fig. 151, 101, cruraus, 

 fig. 152, 102, and sartorius, fig. 153, 106, into the fore-part of tlie 

 head of the tibia. The semitendinosus, figs. 150, 152, 104, has 

 three origins, one from the back part of the upper end of the 

 ilium and contiguous part of the sacrum, a second from the tuber 

 ischia, a third from the back part of the ischial symphysis ; they 

 join a common tendon which passes behind the knee-joint, and 

 then bifurcates to be inserted into the outer proximal tuberosity 

 of the tibia, and into the gastrocnemius, wib. The semimem- 

 branosus, fig. 153, 105, has two origins, one, 105 a, from the first 

 caudal vertebra; the other, 105 /;, from the tuber ischii and isehio- 

 pubio ligament. It is inserted into the upper part of the tibia. 

 The //mc?7/.«, fig. 153, 107, arises from the middle of ischiopubic 

 ligament, and is inserted into the upper and outer part of the 

 tibia. The extensor communis dii/itorum, fig. 151, los, arises from 



