TEGUMENTS OF REPTILES. 



551 



367 



a lamellate structure, fig. 368, g, like that of Fishes, but with the 

 direction of the fibres, in succeeding layers, more regularly alter- 

 nating. In most parts of the trunk of the Anoura the skin is 

 separated by wide lymphatic lacuna;, fig. 367, P, from the subcuta- 

 neous fascia, ib. E. Marsupial pouches, one for each larva, ib. B, c, 

 are temporarilydeveloped in 

 the skin of the back of the fe- 

 male Pipa : a common dorsal 

 pouch for eggs and larvre is 

 present in the female Noto- 

 trema viarsupiatuin, Gnth., 

 and in Opisthodelphys. Tlie 

 epiderm in Perennibranchi- 

 ates resembles that of mu- 

 iiEnoid Fishes : in most A- 

 noura the constituent nucle- 

 ate cells are more condensed, 

 fig. 368, h : in many Toads 

 the epiderm is tuberculate ; 

 rarely are scales, and scutes 

 never, present in the exist- 

 ing Hatrachia. In Cacilia 

 the skin is ringed by trans- 

 verse rugte. In the Ameri- 

 can Newts, of the genus 

 Plestiodon, the small scales 

 present a reticulate struc- 

 ture. In Bufo tuberosus the ejiiderm forms on the dorsal tuber- 

 cles a horny spine in the centre, surrounded by a ring of 

 smaller sj^ines : Bufo asp)er has conical spine-bearing tubercles 

 on the back and sides of the trunk : those on the upper eye- 

 lids of certain Toads have earned for them the generic name 

 Ceratiphrys (jRana cornuta, Linn.). In 8alamandra unguiculata, 

 and in Dactylethra among the Toads, the epidei'm is condensed 

 into a claw at the end of some of the digits : in D. Midleri it 

 also forms a spur at the base of the first hind-toe. In Pipa the 

 skin is produced at the end of each fore-toe into a 3- or 4-forked 

 appendage, fig. 367. As a rule, the Batrachia are without claws. 

 Pigment-cells, fig. 368, a, are developed in various degrees, and 

 of diverse shades of colour, commonly of a dull and neutral or 

 mixed tint, but giving to parts of the skin of the land Salamander 

 a yellow or orange hue, and painting the surface of the Tree- 

 Frog (//yfo) a bright polished green. 



Female Pipa, or Surinam Toad, 



