AND FENCES. 59 



that may be produced from the same trees by permitting the main 

 stems to keep their upright direction, and forming the arch by en- 

 couraging and uniting the growth of the inner branches at the 

 proper height. Where evergreens are p , 



to be planted for this purpose, the 

 fence should curve inwards to the 

 gate, as shown by the transverse sec- 

 tion (Fig. i6), so that trees designed ^^^p««*««.,«irt!«?!l^ 

 to form the arch can be planted on 

 a line with the posts, and two or three feet from them. All this 

 topiary work may be a substitute for expensive gateways, or it 

 may, with equal propriety, be introduced as an accessory deco- 

 ration, where the posts are not of a massive, or highly ornate 

 ■character. In the latter case, whatever beauty of design and 

 workmanship has been wrought out in stone should not be delib- 

 erately concealed by such forms of verdure. 



