DECIDUOUS TREES. 381 



besides its most important use for canoes, as already mentioned. 

 The leaves, borne on petioles four or five lines long, are of a 

 middling size, oval, unequally denticulated, smooth, and of a dark- 

 green color." Fig. 1 20 represents a young tree of this species. 



" The White Birch, B. populifolia, is a tree of much smaller 

 size, generally from twenty to thirty-five feet in height. It is found 

 in New York and the other middle States, as well as at the north. 

 The trunk, like the foregoing, is covered with silvery bark ; the 

 branches are slender, and generally drooping when the tree attains 

 considerable size. The leaves are smooth on both surfaces, heart- 

 shaped at the base, very acuminate, and doubly and irregularly 

 toothed. The petioles are slightly twisted, and the leaves are 

 almost as tremulous as those of the aspen. It is a beautiful small 

 tree for ornamental planting." 



"The Common Black or Sweet Birch. B. Imta. — This is 

 the sort most generally known by the name of the birch, and is 

 widely diffused over the middle and southern States. In color and 

 appearance the bark much resembles that of the cherry tree : on 

 old trees, at the close of winter, it is frequently detached in trans- 

 verse portions, in the form of hard ligneous plates, six or eight 

 inches broad. The leaves, for a fortnight afte;r their appearance, 

 are covered with a thick silvery down which disappears soon after. 

 They are about two inches long, serrate, heart-shaped at. the base, 

 acuminate at the summit, and of a pleasing tint and fine texture." 



" The Yellow Birch, B. hitea, grows most plentifully in Nova 

 Scotia, Maine, and New Brunswick, on cool rich soils, where ii- is a 

 tree of the largest size. It is remarkable for the color and arrange- 

 . ment of its outer bark, which is of a brilliant golden-yellow, and is 

 frequently seen divided into fine strips rolled backward at the 

 ends, but attached in the middle. The leaves are about three and 

 a half inches long, two and a half broad, ovate, acuminate, and 

 bordered with sharp irregular teeth. It is a beautiful tree, with a 

 trunk of nearly uniform diameter, straight and destitute of branches 

 for thirty or forty feet." 



