Pbotogmpbing Trees, Fungi, etc. 275 



The camera should be the long-focus type with 

 both the rising and falling front and the swing- 

 back. We will find both of these adjuncts neces- 

 sary, in order to get the full image of the tree on 

 the plate and to keep that image from having the 

 appearance of falling over, which will happen when 

 the camera is tilted upward without the compen- 

 sating aid of the swing-back. 



As for the lens, the one we use for flower 

 woi^k will answer every purpose, although the 

 best results can probably be obtained by the use 

 of a wide angle, as this lens will give more promi- 

 nence to the main object, and allow the rest of 

 the background to diminish in size and impor- 

 tance without being too much out of focus. 



Naturally, a large camera is best for this work, 

 and I should advise nothing smaller than a six 

 and a half by eight and a half, and an eight by 

 ten is even better. The smaller sizes show the 

 detail so very minute, that the pictures made by 

 them are of very little value either pictorially or 

 scientifically. 



In photographing the flowers, fruit, leaves, etc., 

 the work is, of course, similar to that with the cut 

 flowers, and so the directions given in the last 

 chapter can be followed here. In photographing 

 the trunk we should get near enough to it to show 

 clearly the detail of the bark, but not so near as 

 to entirely exclude the first branches of the tree. 



