Pbotograpbing in the Zoos 285 



very excellent results can be obtained, and even 

 with a kodak, provided tlie lens is a fast one, 

 some good work may be done. 



Most of my work in the Zoos has been done with 

 a five by seven reflex camera, fitted with a very fast 

 lens made to cover an eight by ten plate. By the 

 use of so large a lens I obtain greater illumination 

 and greater length of focus, allowing me to obtain 

 larger images of my subjects than I could with 

 a shorter focus lens. With this outfit I have 

 taken pictures practically indoors with the tenth 

 of a second exposure, that, while being some- 

 what underexposed, were, by careful development, 

 made into good printing negatives. Of course 

 when working in the bright sunlight such a rapid 

 lens is unnecessary, but it can always be stopped 

 down and will then give greater definition and 

 depth of field. Moreover, in work in the Zoos 

 one can never tell under what conditions of light- 

 ing he will be forced to take his pictures, and it is 

 always well to be supplied with a lens that will 

 allow you the maximum speed of exposure. 



The three most essential points to be con- 

 sidered are : first, the pose of the animal, one 

 characteristic of the species being of the most im- 

 portance; second, the surroundings, which should 

 always be natural and with no disturbing element, 

 such as a fence or other sign of civilization, in the 

 picture, if this can be avoided ; and third, the 



