Deposits containing Fossil Plants. 53 
Plants still living in the same district, mixed with a 
few southern forms, those already determined being Acer 
monspessulanum, Najas graminea, and Najas minor, and in 
Germany Brasenia purpurea. 
No northern species, 
The associated mammals and mollusca suggest a climate 
somewhat drier and sunnier than that now possessed by 
the South of England. 
LATE GLACIAL. 
Throughout Scotland and England as far south as 
London and Devonshire. (Crianlarich, Hailes, Corstorphine, 
Bridlington, Hoxne bed C, London, Bovey Tracey, &c.) 
Numerous Arctic plants, all of which, except Salix 
polaris, are still to be found on the mountains of Scotland. 
NEOLITHIC. 
Including ‘submerged forests’ and early peat mosses. 
(Hailes upper bed, Redhall, Woolwich, Blashenwell, Barry 
Docks, &c.) 
Flora Temperate. Cultivated plants and weeds of 
cultivation occasionally appear. Extensive Oak forests. 
Pine common in the South of England. This flora is 
better known in Scandinavia than in Britain; it has been 
divided by Swedish and Danish botanists into several 
stages characterised by different trees (see p. 92). 
Space will not allow me to give in full the evidence on 
which the deposits are referred to different periods. Where 
possible, the stratigraphical position has been studied; but 
in certain cases where direct evidence of superposition is 
not available I have dated the deposits according to the 
affinities of the included fauna and flora. The animals 
are, for this purpose, of more value than the plants, for 
they change more rapidly; plants, however, yield the best 
