100 Origin of the British Flora. 
ranging throughout Europe except in the north and in 
Britain. It is living in the Rhine. 
A certain number of our fossil-plants, though still living 
in Britain, formerly had a range markedly different. The 
majority of these species are northern forms, which formerly 
occupied our lowlands, but on the passing away of the 
cold of the Glacial Epoch could only live on our mountain 
tops. They are Dryas octopetala, Arctostaphylos Uva-urst, 
Andromeda Polifolia, Loiseleuria procumbens, Oxyvria digyna, 
Betula nana, Salix Myrsinites, Salix herbacea, Salix reti- 
culata, Carex alpina, The Temperate species of which the 
ancient distribution within Britain was markedly different 
from that now existing were only three or four. 
Quercus Robur appears at one time to have grown at 
higher elevation; for remains of well-grown oaks occur 
occasionally in peat mosses above the limit of any but 
stunted trees. 
Pinus sylvestris seems to have been abundant through- 
out Britain during part of the Neolithic Period, for its 
cones are abundant at the base of peat-mosses and in 
“submerged forests.’ It afterwards disappeared from the 
South of England and only recently has been re-introduced. 
Potamogeton trichoides occurred in Sussex and Hamp- 
shire in Interglacial times ; it is now confined in Britain to 
Norfolk, Suffolk, and the West of Ireland. 
Najas marina, now confined to a single locality in 
Norfolk, was formerly widely distributed. It has now 
been found fossil in Norfolk, Suffolk, Hertfordshire, and 
Glamorgan. 
CLEMATIS VITALBA, L. 
Interglacial (?) :— 
Stoke Newington, London. 
Mr. Worthington Smith has recorded leaves of this 
plant from a Paleolithic deposit at Stoke Newington. 
