which are gradually getting too long, may be removed. 

 These new canes are then handled in the same way as 

 the ones which they are to replace. 



For vines growing over an arbor or a tree, where the 

 above system cannot be practiced, cut back all the 

 laterals to within three or four buds of the main vine 

 or vines, every winter or early spring. 



In addition to this pruning, during the growing 

 season all buds that start from the main vine and 

 branches should be rubbed off. 



CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES 



Currants are usually grown in the bush form, although 

 they can be trained to other shapes. Currants and goose- 

 berries fruit on wood that is two or three years old, but 

 the first two or three crops are by far the best. You 

 should aim, therefore, to keep the plants sufficiently 

 open so that there is plenty of light, air, and sunshine, 

 and so that the plant will not attempt to bear too much, 

 with the result that what there is will be of the best. 

 Secondly, plan to keep it constantly renewed. To do 

 this, in pruning currants, cut out each year some of the 

 old hard wood, and all the new growth except that 

 wanted to replace the old that is removed. Thin suf- 

 ficiently to keep the plant well open, and of course, 

 remove all the shoots that are dead and those attacked 

 by the borer. If the new growths are cut back during 

 late summer they will ripen up better; and a general 

 light heading back may be given to keep the whole 

 plant is good shape. The black currant does not need 

 to be renewed as frequently; and, making a much 

 heavier growth, can be developed into the tree form. 

 Shoots attacked by the borer usually have a wilted 

 appearance and should be cut and burnt at once. 



The gooseberry is pruned in the same way as the 

 currant except that it is not necessary to renew the wood 

 as frequently, and care should be taken to keep the plant 

 from becoming crowded, as this increases the danger 

 of the dreaded mildew. Do not prune, however, so that 

 the fruit will be exposed to direct sunshine. Heading 

 in the new growth during summer will help prevent 



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