inal. This is also true of the side branches, and this 

 fact can be used to good advantage by pinching off the 

 leaders of over vigorous branches to stimulate the 

 growth of the less vigorous. The growth of the stronger 

 branches is not injured, as a new leader will take the 

 place of the one pinched out. 



SHADE TREES: In setting out ornamental and 

 shade trees they should be treated during the first few 

 years, very much as young fruit trees. In building up 

 the skeleton which is to form the frame work of the 

 future tree one should be careful to study the plant- 

 form or natural habit of mature trees of the same variety, 

 in order to know definitely what to plan for. 



When the tree has once become well established, and 

 approaches maturity, it will need very little attention 

 in the way of annual pruning; but injured limbs should 

 be carefully removed and all trees should be looked 

 over carefully once a year, and given any attention in 

 the matter of pruning, etc., that they may need. 



HARDY VINES: The ornamental or flowering vines 

 come under the same rule as the ornamental shrubs, — 

 that is, those which flower from buds produced the 

 previous season should be pruned immediately after 

 flowering, and the others during early spring. For 

 instance, Wistaria and Clematis Jackmanii should be 

 pruned after flowering, while Bignonia and Clematis 

 Paniculata may be pruned in the spring. The hardy 

 vines need very little pruning except such as may be 

 needed in training them to trellises, or into any desirfed 

 form, and the occasional cutting out to the ground of 

 old stems or stalks, to make room for vigorous new 

 growth. 



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