cut too far above it, a dead stub will be left. On small 

 branches and twigs, cut from a quarter to less than half- 

 an-inch above the bud. If pruning is done when plants 

 are in active growth, however, the cut should be made 

 close to the bud, as it will heal almost immediately. 

 The accompanying diagram illustrates how the cut 

 should be made. 



Third — Prune above an outside bud. This will tend 

 to keep the new growth branching outward, giving the 

 plant an open center with plenty of space and light. 



FIG. 3. 



Removing a large limb: result of 

 wrong method, attempting to do it 

 with one cut. 



FIG. 4. 

 Removing a large limb: collect 

 method, first cut at A; second cut 

 at B; then saw oS stub at C-D. 



While in some specific case there may be reasons for 

 selecting an inside bud, this holds as a general rule. 



Fourth — Cut close up to and parallel with the main 

 branch, trunk or stem. In removing a branch from a 

 tree or side shoots from shrubs or plants, the leaving of 

 a stub, even if it is a short one, delays the healing or 

 makes it possible for disease germs to enter, thus pro- 

 viding for future trouble. 



Sometimes it is necessary to remove quite large 

 branches. This should never be done, if it can be 

 avoided, but with old trees that have been neglected, 

 and in the case of limbs broken by ice storms, or through 

 over-bearing, and from similar causes, there is. nothing 

 else to do. In such cases, the way that is the safest and 



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