24 THE SEA FISHERIES 



and a speed of ii knots on a consumption of io| tons of coal per 

 day. The bunker capacity would be 150 tons. The plans above 

 and below deck are shown in the illustration. 



Plans of Trawler Drifter 



I. Deck plan. — i. Gangway to forecastle. 2. Hatches. 3. Mast. 

 4. Gallows. 5. Fish-pounds. 6. Steam-winch. 7. Captain's cabin. 

 8. Ventilators. 9. Bunker-hatches. 10. Funnel. 11. Gratings. 



12. Engine-room skylight. 13. Lifeboat. 14. Galley. 15. Life- 

 boat. 16. Cabin skylight. 



II. Plan of arrangements below deck. — i. Watertight bulkheads. 

 2. Crew's quarters. 3. Iceroom. 4. Shelves. 5. Fish-hold. 6. Net 

 room. 7. Room for warps. 8. Wooden bulkhead. 9. Reserve 

 bimkers. 10. Passage way. 11. Coal bunkers. 12. Stoke-hold. 



13. Auxiliary pump (donkey pump). 14. Main pump. 15. Eagines. 

 16. Dynamo. 17. Storeroom. 18. Fresh wate^ tank. 19. Dining- 

 room. 20. Cabin. 21. Chief engineer's cabin. 22. Deck hatch. 

 23. Storeroom. 



The sailing trawler of the present day falls into two main groups ; 

 the first-class " Smack " making voyages of five or six days' duration 

 and fishing in depths of from 5 to 40 fathoms, and the second-class 

 cutter, which rarely stays out for more than twenty-four hours, 

 working usually within the territorial waters. The trawling smacks 

 are two masted vessels with fore-and-aft rig (see Fig. p. 25). 



The deep-sea smacks are fast dying out, and only at Ramsgate, 

 Brixham and in the Irish Sea are they holding their own. The Irish 

 Sea smacks originated from Hoylake, and in the year 1880 the fleet 

 there was probably at its best. The apprenticeship system was not 

 much in vogue, and boys went to sea as cabin boys at twelve years 

 old. For three years they acted as learners, afterwards getting 

 half a share for a year and then a three-quarter share. At seven- 

 teen or eighteen years a lad could reckon on getting a full share 

 as a member of the crew. 



The class of boat fishing at that time from Hoylake was ketch- 

 rigged, with a length of keel of 48 ft. and tonnage from 38 to 40. 

 These boats were specially built at Whitehaven and in the Isle of 

 Man, so that they could take the ground in the " Hoylake " which 

 at that time had not silted up. They had good, long, flat floors, 

 rather fuU forward, but with a clear run aft. They were good sea 

 boats, sailed well, and were well adapted for draggmg a trawl. 



At about this time there were still a few smack-rigged boats, but 

 those that were suitable for conversion into ketch-rig were altered. 

 A few years later new boats were built for the Hoylake fishermen 



