270 THE SEA FISHERIES 



Canadian waters have recently been exploited by French, British 

 and American steam trawlers, no less than twenty-two French 

 trawlers working off the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 



Canadian fisheries fall into seven main divisions, viz. : — 

 (i) The Atlantic division, from the Bay of Fundy to the coast of 

 Labrador, including both deep-sea and inshore fisheries. The chief 

 fish caught are cod, mackerel, haddock, halibut, herring, hake, 

 lobsters, oysters, seal and white whale (Beluga). 



(2) The estuarine and inland waters of the Maritime provinces 

 (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Quebec). 

 Chief fish are salmon, shad, alewife, striped bass and smelt. 



(3) The great lakes and tributary waters with Lake white-fish, 

 trout, sturgeon and pike-perch. 



(4) The great north-west lakes, including Manitoba and northern 

 waters. 



(5) The Pacific interior or Rocky mountain plateau with land- 

 locked salmon, trout and numerous cyprinoids. 



(6) The Pacific coast fisheries with their famous salmon, of which 

 at least seven different species occur. 



(7) Hudson Bay and circumpolar regions with whale, walrus, 

 sea-trout, with white-fish, pike and stiurgeon. The richest whaling 

 grounds in the world are in this region, off the mouth of the Mac- 

 kenzie River, and as far east as Cape Chudleigh, in Hudson Strait. 



Newfoundland (Including Labrador) 



The total value of all exports from Newfoundland was in 1914 

 about 15 million dollars, of which the fishery products account for 

 nearly 11 million dollars. Of this amount cod-fish lepiesents a 

 little over 8 millions, the various oils nearly a million. These are 

 cod, whale and seal oil. Other exports are sealskins and tinned 

 lobster. The chief fishery is for cod, the exports of cod for 1914 

 were 1,247,314 quintals (cwt.), value $8,071,889. 



The chief markets for cod are in the Mediteiranean. In 1913 Greece 

 took 60,527 ; Italy, 207,617 ; Spain, 248,266 ; and Portugal, 203,989 

 quintals. The Brazilian markets took 417,155 quintals in 1913. 



Fishery administration is a concern of the Department of Marine 

 and Fisheries. There is a Fishery Board of seven members, the 

 Minister of Marine and Fisheries being Chairman. 



The lobster fisheries having fallen off considerably during the 

 last few years the Board have taken noval steps for their improve- 

 ment. Instead of trying costly and futile experiments on lobster 

 hatching and rearing, ^ the Newfoundland Board provide for the 



* See Board of Agriculture and Fisheries {England) Annual Report on Sea 

 Fisheries for 1913, Part I, p. 45. 



