ADMINISTRATION 57 



different stockmen are grazed on adjacent areas 

 which are not separated by natural boundaries such 

 as rivers, ridges, or swamps. If there is no obstacle 

 to prevent the cattle from drifting from one range 

 into another, a drift fence is built, thus definitely 

 separating one stockman's range from the other. 

 Often good range would remain unused on account 

 of lack of water altogether or on account of lack of 

 water during the dry season only. In this case the 

 Forest Service usually cooperates with the stock- 

 men to provide water. Roads, trails, and bridges 

 are often necessary to enable sheep and cattle to 

 reach range lands. 



Protective Improvements. Ranger stations, 

 cabins, lookout stations, firebreaks and similar 

 works are required to protect the forests from fire 

 and are known as protective improvements. Build- 

 ings are constructed for the field force to afford 

 necessary shelter and to furnish an ofiice for the 

 efficient transaction of business. Land is often 

 cultivated for the production of forage crops and 

 fences are built to insure necessary pasturage for 

 live stock used by the Forest officers in their work. 

 The buildings may be substantial houses to be used 

 throughout the year or they may be merely such 



