VI CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



§ 4. An introduction to the Anatomy of birds 133 



a. Osteology : the osseous system, or skeleton 134 



1. The spinal column 137 



3. The thorax : ribs and sternum 142 



3. The pectoral arch 145 



4. The pelvic arcli 147 



5. The skuE . . : 149 



b. Neurology : the nervous system ; organs of special senses 174 



c. Myology ; the muscular system 192 



d. Angeiology : the v£(soular or circulatory systems 195 



e. Pneumatology : the respiratory system 199 



f. Splanchnology : the digestive system 209 



g. Oology : the urogenital system 215 



§ 5. Directions for using the artificial keys 227 



Amieicial Key to the Oeders and Subokdeks 230 



Artipicial Key to the rAMiLiEs 231 



Tabulae View of the Groups hi&her than Genera 234 



PART III. 



SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



I. Order PASSERES : Insessores, or Perchers Proper 238 



1. Suborder PASSERES ACROMYODI, or OSCINES : Singmg Birds . . . .240 



1. Family Tttrdid^ : Thrushes, etc. . 240 



1. Subfamily Turdime : Typical Thrushes 243 



2. Subfamily Mimina : Mocking Thrushes 248 



3. Subfamily CincUiKe: Dippers 254 



4. Subfamily Sascicolirun : Stone-chats and Blue-birds 256 



5. Subfamily i?e^K&W.- Kinglets and Wood- wrens 259 



6. Subfamily PoUoptilirue : Gnat-catchers 260 



S. Family CHAMiEiD^ -. Wren-tits 262 



S. Family Paeid^ : Titmice, or Chickadees 263 



7. Subfamily Farinm : True Titmice 263 



4- Family Sittid^ : Nuthatches 269 



5. Family CEETHiiDa; : Creepers 272 



8. Subfamily OWAm««; Typical Creepers 272 



6. Family Troglodytid* : Wrens 273 



9. ^xHoisaSi^ Campylorhynchimie : Fan-tailed Wrens 274 



10. ^^MasA^ Troglodytinte : True Wrens 277 



7. Family Alatidid^s : Larks 280 



11. Subfamily Calandntinee : Shore Larks oot 



12. Subfamily Alaudime : Sky Larks ggo 



S. Family MotacilliDjE : Wagtails and Pipits ooq 



13. SxAhmilj Motacillina : Wagtails oo^ 



14. SuhiaxniljJathints: Pipits, or Titlarks 005 



