230 GENEBAL OBNITHOLOGY. 



ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE ORDEES AND SUBORDERS. 



I. Tona 3; 2 in front, 1 behind Pieiformes of FicAsi^ 444 



n. Toes 3; 3 in front. Toes — cleft or aemipalmate LruiooL^s: S96 



— palmate. Nostrils — tubnlai LoNoiPEinres 732 



— not tubular Pygopodeb 787 



III. TOEB 4; 2 in front, 2 behind. Bill — cered and hooked Psittaoi 494 



— neither cered nor hooked. Tail feathers — 8 or 10 



Ou/cnVfarmei q/Tioabi^ 444 

 — 12 Piciformea of Pic JiRlM 444 

 IT. TOEB 4; 3 in front, 1 behind. 



Toes — syndactyle OucuUforTiies qf Picabue 444 



— totipalmate (all four fnll-webbed) Stegahopodes 718 



— palmate. Bill — curved up I1IIIICOL.S: 69C 



— not curved up — laraellate Lamellibostbes 677 



— not lamellate. Hallux — lobate Ptgopodes 787 



— not lobate . . Longipenbes 732 



— lobate. Tail — rudimentary Pygopodes 787 



~~ perfect. — A horny frontal shield Ai^ciobibes 665 



— No frontal shield .... . LiMI00L.a) 596 



— semipalmate; joined 'by evident movable basal web (go to A). 



— cleft to the base or there immovably coherent (go to B). 



A. Hind toe — elevated. Tibiae — feathered below. Nostrils — perforate . . . Cathartides of Baptobes 496 



— imperforate. Gape — reaching below eye 



Cypseliformes (J^Pioabije 444 

 — not reaching below eye 



6ALLiN.a; 571 

 — naked below. Nostrils — perforate AiiEctobides 665 



— imperforate. Tarsi — scutellate in front 



L1MICOL.S: 596 

 — reticulate. Head — bald 



Heeodioites 647 

 — feathered 

 LiiMicOL^ 696 



— not elevated. Tibiae — naked below Heeodioneb 647 



— feathered below. Bill— cered and hooked Baptobes 496 



—not cered. Nasal— membrane soft OOLirMB.E 561 

 — scale hard . Gallin^sj 571 



B. Hind toe — elevated. Gape — reaching below eye Cppseliformes of Picamim HA 



— not below eye. 1st primary — emarginate or about = 2d . . HMicoL.a; 696 



— not emarginate and shorter than 2d 



Aleoiokides 665 



— not elevated. Nostrils — opening beneath soft swollen membrane Golumb^ 561 



— otherwise. Bill — cered and hooked Baptobes 496 



— otherwise. Secondaries — only six 



Cypseliformes ij/'PiOABi.ffl: 444 

 — more than six (go to a), 

 a. Primaries — 10 ; 1st more than J as long as the longest Clamaiores qfj 



— 10 ; 1st not I as long as the longest 1 q^^^^ ^ j Pasberes 238 



— 9 only ) ' 



