TETBA ONIBM — TETBA ONINJE : GROUSE. 



577 



and Southern States — wherever the KuflFed Grrouse is called " pheasant," the Bob-white, Ortyx 

 virgmiana, is called "partridge.'' (3.) The term " quail" is specially applicable to the Euro- 

 pean Migratory or Messina Quail, Gotwrmx dactyUsonans. But this resembles our Bob-white 

 not distantly, causing the latter to be called " quaU" in the sections where the Euffed and Spruce 

 Grrouse are called " partridge ; " and in the Southwest, the species of Lophortyx, Oreortyx, and 

 Cyrtom/x are univeisaHy called "quail." The following tabular statement should bring the 

 matter clearly into view. 



Summary of North American Tbteaonid.*! — Grouse, Partridge.^ Quail. 



A. Grouse, with feathers on shank (^TetraoninuB). 



1. Sage Fowl: Sage Cock; Sage-Hen; Cock-of-the-Plains. Western. One species ^ 



Centrocercus wrophasianus. 



2. Sharp-tailed Ch'ouse : Pin-tail Grouse ; Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the North- 



west : 1 species, 3 varieties : Pedioeceies phasianeUus. 



3. Pinnated Grouse : common Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the Mississippi, Ohio, 



and Lower Missouri valleys. One species ; two varieties : Cupidonia cupido. 



4. Tree Grrouse : Spruce Grouse ; Black Grouse ; the Northern States species improperly 



called " partridge." One species, two varieties : Canace canadensis. 

 Another species of 8 varieties, confined to the West : Canace ohscu/ra. 



5. Buffed Grouse : improperly called " partridge " in the Northern and " pheasant" in the 



Middle and Southern States. One species, Bonasa umhella, of 3 varieties. 



6. Snow Grouse, or Ptarmigan. Three species of Lagopus, boreal and alpine, turning 



white in winter : L. albus, L. rwpestris, L. leucurus. 



B. Partridge and Quail, without feathers on shank (Odontophorima). 



7. The imported Messina Quail, or Migratory Quail of Europe : one species : Coturnix 



dactyUsonans. 



8. Bob-white: called "quail" in Northern States; called "partridge" in the Middle 



and Southern States. One species : Ortyx virginiana, with 2 varieties, one in 

 Ploi-ida, the other in Texas. 



9. Helmet Partridges: of the Southwest, commonly called "quail," with a beautiful 



recurved top-knot. Two species of Lophortyx : L. gamheli, L. californica, commonly 

 called " valley quail." 



10. Arrow Partridge : with two long arrowy plumes on the head. One species, of Cali- 



fornia : Orortyx picta, commonly called " mountain quail." 



11. S/ieH J'arinijre: bluish-white markings, as if scaly. One species. Southwest. Calli- 



pepla squamata. 



12. Massena Partridge (not to be confused with the 

 imported Messina Qnail) ; with a soft crest and 

 numberless white "eyes" on the belly. South- 

 west. One species-: Cyrtonyx massena. 

 In all, 36 varieties, of 16 species, . of 12 genera, of 3 



subfamilies, of 1 family. 



52. Subfamily TETRAONIN>E: Grouse. 



Head completely feathered, excepting, usually, a 



naked strip of skin over the eye. Nasal fossse densely 



feathered. Tarsi more or less perfectly feathered, the 



feathering sometimes extending on the toes to the 



„ , „ , „ , . „ .^ . T claws ; the toes, when naked, vrith horny fringe-like 



Fig. 396. — ' Red Game ' of Britain, Z«!ffopMS ' . ,-, . j , ruj 



sooticus. (From Dixon.) processes. 1 ail variable m Shape, but never toldcd, 



37 



