254 CHEMISTRY OF TEE PTOMAINS. 



Tetanotoxin, C5HjiN(?), was obtained by Brieger (1886) as one 

 of the products of the growth of the tetanus bacillus on beef-broth 

 or on brain-broth. It has also been obtained by Kitasato and Weyl 

 (1890) from pure cultures of the tetanus bacillus, kept eight days at 

 36°. For ite isolation see tetanin and Ber. d. d. chem. Ges., 19, 

 3120. It is tetanizing in action, produces first tremor, then paral- 

 ysis and violent convulsions. It forms an easily soluble gold double 

 salt which melts at 130°. The platinochlorid is difficultly soluble, 

 and decomposes at 240°. The hydrochlorid is crystalline, and is 

 readily soluble in alcohol and in water. It melts at about 205°. 

 From warm alcohol it crystallizes in flat, pointed plates. 



Spasmotoxin, a base of as yet unknown composition, produces 

 in animals violent clonic and tonic convulsions. It was ob- 

 tained by Brieger (1887) from cultures of the tetanus germ on beef- 

 broth. 



Another toacin was obtained by Brieger (1887), in cultures of the 

 tetanus microbe, which produced complete tetanus, salivation and tear- 

 secretion. In its composition it is probably a diamin. The platin- 

 ochlorid forms plates which begin to decompose at 240°. The 

 hydrochlorid is very deliquescent. Gold chlorid and picric acid 

 form very soluble compounds. Besides these three bases he isolated 

 another toxic substance, tetanin, and a base (see under tetanin). 



Dihydrolutidin, CjHjjN, was found in cod-liver oil by Grautier 

 and Mourgues (1888). It is the first known hydrolutidin. It is a 

 colorless, somewhat oily, very alkaline and caustic liquid, the odor 

 of which is sharp, but somewhat agreeable when dilute. It absorbs 

 carbonic acid from the air, darkens and thickens ; is feebly soluble 

 in water, and boils at 199° at 760 mm. pressure. The salts are 

 bitter to the taste. 



The hydrochlorid crystallizes in a confused mass of needles or in 

 plates. The nitrate reduces silver nitrate — a property of all hydro- 

 pyridin bases (Hoffmann). The sulphate forms fine stellate deli- 

 quescent needles. 



The platinochlorid is readily precipitated from concentrated 

 solutions as a canary-yellow precipitate. From warm solutions it 

 crystallizes in lozenge-shaped plates which are often imbricated. On 

 boiling with water it loses hydrochloric acid and forms (CjHjjNCl)2. 

 PtClj, which possesses a lighter color, is more soluble than the 

 normal salt, and crystallizes confusedly. 



The aurochlorid crystallizes in needles which form fan- or lozenge- 

 shaped masses. It is scarcely altered even in hot water. 



The iodomethylate, C^HjjN.CHgl, is obtained by mixing, in the 

 cold, the base and methyl iodid. The colorless compound thus ob- 

 tained is soluble in water and in alcohol, and possesses a disagree- 



