LEUCOMA'iNS OF THE UBINE. 467 



and platinum chlorid. The examination of a second case was 

 negative. 



Scarlet fever urine collected during the height of the fever (four 

 gallons) gave a small amount of a white semi-crystalline alkaloid. 

 The solution in water was faintly alkaline. The hydrochloric acid 

 solution did not react with tannic acid or platinum chlorid, but gave 

 precipitates with the other reagents mentioned above. The amount 

 of substance was insuflScient to allow of analysis. In normal urines 

 no such residues were found. 



A most prolific supply of alkaloids from the urine of infectious 

 diseases has been furnished by Griffiths. The method employed was 

 identical with that described by LufF. A list of these bases, together 

 with others, is given on page 261. 



Hunter, in 1890, examined the urine of pernicious anaemia by the 

 benzoyl chlorid method, and obtained a very small quantity of a 

 benzoyl compound, which was extremely soluble in alcohol, insoluble 

 in water. It crystallized from alcohol in long, fine needles, grouped 

 in rosettes. The melting point was at 174°-175*'. The crystalline 

 form and the melting point agreed with putrescin. This compound 

 was usually alone, but sometimes was accompanied by another, form- 

 ing elongated, rectangular prisms. The crystalline form resembled 

 that of the cadaverin compound. One specimen of urine furnished a 

 dibenzoyl compound, crystallizing in long, rectangular prisms having 

 a inciting point between 70° and 80°. Binet isolated a thermogenic 

 substance from the urine of tuberculosis, and to a less extent from 

 normal urine. 



Certain basic substances, as the diamins, cadaverin, and putrescin, 

 have been isolated in a perfectly pure condition. These two basic 

 substances (see page 265) were observed by Baumann and Udr^zsky 

 in a case of cystinuria. Later, Brieger and Stadthagen demon- 

 strated the presence of these same bases in two or more cases of 

 that disease. They are absent in normal urine and feces, and ex- 

 ceedingly rare in other diseases. Thus, Roos found diamins (putre- 

 scin) in only one case of cholera, and then in the feces, not in the 

 urine ; more frequently in diarrhoea or cholerine; also in one case of 

 dysentery and malaria. As stated above, Hunter apparently suc- 

 ceeded in isolating putrescin from the urine of pernicious ansemia. 



Cystin and the diamins are now known to be proteid cleavage 

 products and their presence in the urine is more easily understood. 

 The hexon bases have not been detected in urines but as yet no 

 special studies have been made in that direction. The presence of 

 ornithin in birds, as an intermediate waste product, was recognized 

 by the appearance of omithuric acid in the urine. 



Poehl has proposed the following method for the estimation of the 

 leucomains in the urine. To 100 c.c. of the urine, 25 c.c. of hydro- 

 chloric acid (sp. g. 1.134) and 10 c.c. of a 10 per cent, solution of 



