LEUCOMAim FROM OTHER TISSUES OF THE BODY. 473 



lowing the varnishing of a part or the whole of the body is given on pp. 

 329, 466. A similar explanation undoubtedly holds true for uraemia. 



The presence of specific toxic substances in the blood of infectious 

 diseases is well recognized. Nissen has shown that the blood in sup- 

 puration was toxic. In the blood of tetanus in man Kallmeyer and 

 Nissen demonstrated the presence of the tetanic poison. Immerwahr 

 showed the same to be true with the organs of experimental tetanic 

 animals, and that the blood of scarlet fever during uraemia was toxic. 

 Brieger was the first to show the presence of tetanin in the amputated 

 arm of a patient. 



Morelle (1886) showed the presence, in the spleen of the ox, of a 

 base, the hydrochlorid of which crystallized in deliquescent needles 

 and likewise formed crystalline platino- and aurochlorids. From ex- 

 periments made by Laborde, the base would seem to possess decided 

 toxic properties, bringing on a dyspnceic condition with convulsive 

 movements and loss of motion. The post-mortem examinations re- 

 vealed an extended visceral cedematous infiltration, and stoppage of 

 the heart in systole. For the presence of the xanthin bases, cystin, 

 gerontin, etc., in the organs of the body, see preceding pages. 



Viron found a very poisonous albuminoid in a hydrocele fluid from 

 a sheep. 



A. W. Blyth claimed to have isolated from milk two alkaloidal 

 substances, namely, galactin, the lead salt of which is said to have 

 the formula Pb^Oj.Cj^HjjN^O^j , and lactochrome, the mercury salt of 

 which is represented by the formula HgO.CjHjgNOj. 



The adrenals have been the subject of repeated investigations dur- 

 ing the past half a century, but really valuable results have been ob- 

 tained only within the last three or four years. At an early date the 

 fact was established that these organs perform an extremely impor- 

 tant function inasmuch as their extirpation is promptly followed by 

 death. The rapid and severe effects observed have been generally 

 regarded as due to an intoxication of the organism with products 

 which normally were supposed to be destroyed in the adrenals. 

 Thus Marino-Zuco obtained cholin from the adrenals and moreover 

 with Dutto he obtained this base in the urine of Addison's disease. 

 These investigators and also Carbone obtained results showing that 

 cholin was decidedly more toxic to animals deprived of the adrenals 

 than to normal animals. Furthermore, the blood of animals from 

 which the adrenals were removed has been shown to possess a 

 marked toxic action. Only recently, Levin ' has shown that the 

 blood of such animals contains something which acts on the blood 

 pressure and which does not exist in normal blood. 



The early studies of Oliver and Schafer and others demonstrated 

 that the adrenals contain a substance which exerts a marked action 

 upon the blood pressure, and thus led to a careful study and search 

 ^Amer. Joum. Physiohgy, 5, 358, 1901. 



