METHOD OP STUDY 9 



Physiology. — The study of the function or use of the 

 parts of a plant or animal body and their method of action. 



Hygiene. — The study of the means best adapted to 

 maintain the parts and actions of the plant or animal 

 body in a working or healthful state. 



Anatomy. — Like a pump, a living body is made up of 

 parts arranged in definite positions. It is manifestly 

 impossible to locate all these parts from the study of the 

 living body. To get at the internal structure it is neces- 

 sary to cut or dissect the dead body. In the case of the 

 human body such dissection is of course impossible for 

 the high school pupil. It is here that a fact of great im- 

 portance comes to our rescue, namely, that the arrange- 

 ment of parts in our bodies is so similar to that in certain 

 other animal forms that by studying these forms we may 

 learn of our own structure. In other words, the dissec- 

 tion of the rat, cat, or rabbit, enables us to know our own 

 structures. 



Even with this difficulty overcome, however, many 

 parts are so small that the eye cannot make them out. 

 To remedy this there has been devised an instrument 

 called the microscope; and so important is this side of 

 anatomical study that it has received a special name. 

 Histology (histos, a tissue ; logos, speech) is the microscopic 

 study of plant and animal parts. 



Finally, chemists tell us that the parts themselves are 

 composed of simpler substances called chemical elements. 

 This branch of our study is called chemical anatom.y. 



When we have studied a body from these tliree points 

 of view, its gross structure, its microscopic structure, and 

 its chemical composition, we shall have exhausted all 

 that anatomy has to tell us, 



