L»MBE.] CANADIAN PALEOZOIC CORALS. 15 



much reduced in size by the excessive thickening of the walls. The 

 specimens apparently belong to the older parts of the corallum and none 

 of them show the terminal ends of the stems. This species appears to be 

 closely allied to Cladopora, and might with propriety be placed in that 

 genus. 



FavOSITES T0EBINATA, Billings. 



? Calamopora basaltica (pars), Goldfuss. 1829. Petrefaota Germanise, vol. I., p. 78,pl 

 XXVI., figs. 4(5, id, (08et. exolusis). 



? Calamopora hendspherica, Troost. 1840. Fifth Geol. Rep., Tennessee, p. 72. De- 

 scription inadequate ; no figure. 



? Favosites hemispherica, Yandell and Shumard. 1847. Contr. to Geol. of Kentucky, p. 7. 



Favointes turbinata, Billings. 1859. Canadian Journal, new series, vol. IV., p. 109; 

 and 1860, ibid, vol V., p. 258, figs. 7, 7a. 



Calamopora turbinata, Rominger. 1862. Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2nd series, vol. 

 XXXIV., p. 399. 



Favosites turbinata, Nicholson. 1874. Palseon. of Ont., p. 49, pi. VIII., figs. 1, 2. 



Favosites hemisphericus, Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 24, j.l. 

 VI., figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and pi. X., fig. 2. 



Favosites hemispherica, Hall. 1876. lUus. Dev. Foss., pi. II., figs. 1 — 5 ; ibid, var. 

 a (subturbinate forms), pi. II A, figs. 1—7 ; ibid, var. pi. II B, 

 fig. 8 and pi. III. fig. 1 ; ibid, var. turbinata pi. II B., figs. 

 1 — 7, pi. II C, fig. Sand pi. IV., fig. 2; ibid, var. reota, pi. 

 II C, figs. 1—4 ; ibid, var. distorta, pi. V., figs. 1 — 5. 



Favosites turbinata, Whiteaves. 1889. Contr. to Can. Palseon., vol. I., pi. II, p. 121. 



Corallum normally turbinate with the apex of the cone as the initial 

 point, but varying very considerably in shape; up- to about 15 cent, in 

 diameter. The corallum is almost invariably strongly curved for a short 

 distance from the pointed base and expands more or less rapidly, 

 at times so rapidly as to make the breadth much greater 

 than the height. Or, the growth of the corallum may continue 

 in an upward direction, without much increase in breadth, producing a 

 club-shaped form which may be straight, curved or abruptly bent or 

 twisted. The corallites curve outward from an imaginary central axis and 

 emerge at or nearly at right angles to the surface ; they are distinctly 

 prismatic, of rather uniform size, from about 1 to over 2 mm. in diameter 

 and are faintly striated transversely on the outside. In some specimens 

 scattered tubes of a size noticeably larger than the average sized ones 

 may be observed. The outer ends of the corallites over the whole of the 

 surface of the corallum, except at or near the top, are closed by concentri- 

 cally striated opercula which frequently exhibit about twelve crenulations 

 or depressions at the edge. The opercular coverings appear to thicken and 

 amalgamate with age and to then have the appearance of a rather thin, 

 smooth epitheca in which the prismatic ends of the corallites can still be 

 traced. The pores are more frequently arranged in a single than a double 

 row in the sides of the corallites but their size and distance apart seem 



