84 rOLYGALACE^. (MILKWOKT FAMILY.) 



10. P. incarnata, L. Stem often simple, glaucous ; leaves scattered, lin- 

 ear, fleshy, sometimes minute and subulate ; spilies lanceolate, acute, dense- 

 flowered ; petals united into a tube which is twice as long as the elliptical 

 wings, conspicuously crested ; caruncle spongy, as long as the stalk of the 

 oval hairy seed. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. June 

 - August. — Stem 1 ° - 2° high. Bracts deciduous. Flowers and often the rachis 

 purple. 



11. P. setacea, Michx. Stems simple or sparingly branched, slender; 

 leaves minute, scale-like; spikes oblong, dense-flowered, acute ; wings oblong, 

 acute, as long as the petals ; caruncle and seeds as in No. 10. — Low pine bar- 

 rens, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. May- July. — Stem 1° high. 

 Spikes J'- 1' long. Flowers pale rose-color or whitish. Bracts deciduous. 



* * * Spikes solitary : leaves whorled : Jlowers pwjik. 



12. P. eruciata, L. Stem erect, 4-angled, simple or branched; leaves 

 in fours, linear or oblong-linear, thick, obtuse, the upper ones alternate ; spikes 

 large, ovate, becoming cylindrical, short-peduncled ; wings ovate, tapering into 

 a long subulate point ; lobes of the caruncle linear, collateral, as long as the 

 smoothish oval seed. — Pine-barren swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and nortli- 

 ward. July -Oct. — Stem 6'- 12' high. Spikes 1'- 2' long, |' thick. Flowers 

 pale rose-color. Bracts persistent. 



13. P. brevifolia, Nutt. Stem weak, 4-angled, with long and spreading 

 branches ; leaves thin, lanceolate or linear, acute, the lower ones in fours ; spikes 

 small, ovate, long-pedunded ; wings lanceolate-ovate, barely pointed ; caruncle 

 as long as the obovate haiiy seed. — Bogs, Florida and northward. July - 

 Oct. — Stem I°- Ij° long. Spikes scarcely half as large as in the preceding. 

 Flowers reddish-purple. Bracts persistent. 



14. P. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray. Stems short, weak, much branched, 4- 

 angled; leaves in fours, short, linear, acutish; spikes long-pcduncled, ovate- 

 lanccolato, acuminate, loose-flowered ; wings erect, lanceolate-ovate, acute ; 

 caruncle as long as the ovoid sparse-haii-y and viscid seed. — Low grassy 

 pine barrens, "West Florida and westward. July -Sept. — Stems 6' -10' high. 

 Leaves 4" - 6" long ; those of the branches mostly alternate. Flowers pale 

 rose-color. Bracts persistent. 



§ 2. Flowers in slender racemes or spikes. 

 * Leaves alternate : perennials or biennials. 



15. P. grandiflora, Walt. Pubescent; stems branching ; leaves lanceo- 

 late ; flowers large, crestless, scattered in long racemes ; fmiting pedicels droop- 

 ing ; wings large, orbicular, erect ; caruncle enclosing the stalk of the oblong 

 hairy seed. (P. pubescens, Muht.) — Varies with smoothish linear leaves, and 

 smaller flowers. (P. flabellata, ShxUtl.) — Dry light soil, Florida to South Car- 

 olina, and westward. July -Sept. IJ. — Stem 1° high. Racemes 3' -6' long, 

 often lateral by the prolongation of the stem. Flowers bright purple, tmning 

 greenish. 



16. P. polygama, Walt. Smooth; stems numerous, simple; leaves 

 oblong-linear, tlie lowest spatulate or obovate ; flowers of two kinds, viz. one 



