rOLYGALACE^. (mILKWOKT FAMILY.) 85 



kind showy and perfect, borne in a loose terminal raceme, the other imperfect, 

 hut fruiting, in radical (rarely axillary) spikes; wings o!)ovate ; caruncle half 

 as long as the obovatc very hairy seed. (P. rubella, Muhl.) — Wet or dry 

 sandy barrens, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. May and June. @ — 

 Stems 6'- 12' high, very leafy. Racemes 2' -6' long. Flowers purple. 



17. P. Senega, L. (Seneca Snakeroot.) Stems several from a thick 

 woody root, erect or ascending, simple or branching above ; leaves numerous, 

 lanceolate, the upper ones acute (1' long) ; spike cylindrical, pcduncled; wings 

 round-obovate, as long as the capsule ; lobes of the caruncle linear, as long as 

 the obovate hairy seed. — Var. latifolia, Torr. & Gray. Stem taller (l°-li°) ; 

 leaves large (2' -4' long), ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at each 

 end. — Dry rocky woods in the upper districts of North Carolina and northward ; 

 the variety in Tennessee, and northward. May and June. Ij. — Stems 8' - 12' 

 high. Spikes 1 ' - 1 j' long. Flowers gi-eenish-white. 



18. P. alba, Nutt. Stems several from a somewhat woody root, erect or 

 ascending, angular, at length branched above ; leaves linear, narrowed toward 

 the base, acute, or lowest ones obtuse ; spike long-pedundcd, linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate ; flowers short-pcdicelled ; wings oval, rather longer than the capsule ; 

 lobes of the caruncle shorter than the ol)long-obovate vciy hairy seed. (P. bicolor, 

 Kunth.) — Interior of Alabama, Bucklei/, ani. westward. — Stems J°-l°high. 

 Spikes l'-3' long. Flowers white. Bracts deciduous. 



* * Leaves whorled: flowers smcJ-l, greenish or whiiey in slender spikes. 



19. P. Boykinii, Nutt. Perennial; stems numerous, angled, simple or 

 sparingly branched; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, the lower ones oblong-obovate, the 

 upper lanceolate and scattered ; spike linear, long-pcdunclod ; wings obovate, as 

 long as the capsule ; caruncle half as long as the oblong-obovate curved and 

 very hairy seed. — Rich calcareous soil, Florida, Georgia, and westward. May- 

 July. IJ. — Stems 1°- 2° high. Leaves 1' long. Spikes 2' -3' long. Flowers 

 white. 



20. P. verticillata, L. Annual ; stems low, 4-angled, much branched ; 

 leaves 4 - .5 in a whorl, linear, acute, the upper ones scattered ; spikes lanceolate ; 

 wings roundish, as long as the capsule ; lobes of the caruncle half as long as the 

 oblong hairy seed. — Dry sandy soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. 

 June - Aug. — Stem 4' - 8' high. Spikes i'-V long. Flowers greenish-white. 



21. P. leptostachys, Shuttl. Annual ; stems filiform or setaceous, sim- 

 ple, or branched above, straight ; leaves remote, 4 - .5 in a whorl, narrow-linear 

 or filiform, acute ; spike linear, long-peduncled ; wings oval, nearly sessile, 

 smaller than the capsule ; carancle half as long as the smooth cunicd clavate- 

 obovate seed. — Dry sand hills, Florida. May- August. — Stems 10'-15' high. 

 Flowers greenish. 



§ 3. Flowers axillary, and with imperfect radical ones, as in No. 16. 



22. P. paucifolia, L. Perennial ; flowering stems erect, simple, leafy at 

 the summit ; leaves large, ovate, alternate, naiTowcd into a petiole, the lower 

 ones bract-like ; flowers (1-3) peduncled, crested, very large ; wings obovate; 



8 



